Antibody data
- Antibody Data
- Antigen structure
- References [35]
- Comments [0]
- Validations
- Western blot [2]
- Immunocytochemistry [1]
- Immunohistochemistry [1]
- Other assay [7]
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- Product number
- PA5-16545 - Provider product page
- Provider
- Invitrogen Antibodies
- Product name
- NFkB p65 Polyclonal Antibody
- Antibody type
- Polyclonal
- Antigen
- Synthetic peptide
- Description
- PA5-16545 targets NFkappaB/p65 in IHC (P), IF, and WB applications and shows reactivity with mouse, Rabbit, Rat, Xn, Bovine, Canine, Drosophila, Hamster, Human, and Porcine samples. The PA5-16545 immunogen is a synthetic peptide from the C-terminus of human NFkappaB protein. This antibody was orginally validated as part of a Thermo Scientific Cellomics High Content Screening Kit. The antibody sold separately may have slightly different performance and may need to be further optimized for the best results.
- Reactivity
- Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine, Canine, Drosophila, Hamster, Porcine, Rabbit, Xenopus
- Host
- Rabbit
- Isotype
- IgG
- Vial size
- 500 µL
- Concentration
- 1 mg/mL
- Storage
- Store at 4°C short term. For long term storage, store at -20°C, avoiding freeze/thaw cycles.
Submitted references Study on Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Inflammation-Induced Familial Hypertension Combined with Hyperlipemia and Its Mechanism.
Targeting clock-controlled gene Nrf2 ameliorates inflammation-induced intervertebral disc degeneration.
Capsaicin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Barrier Dysfunction in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Line-J2.
Protective Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Kidney Functions by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress Responses Through Activating PPARα in Rats With Diabetes.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides can initiate regeneration of the Xenopus tadpole tail.
Stingray Venom Proteins: Mechanisms of Action Revealed Using a Novel Network Pharmacology Approach.
Saururus chinensis-controlled allergic pulmonary disease through NF-κB/COX-2 and PGE(2) pathways.
Pulsed focused ultrasound enhances the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in acute kidney injury.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri Co-treatment via NF-κB and COX-2 Pathways.
A-kinase-interacting protein 1 promotes EMT and metastasis via PI3K/Akt/IKKβ pathway in cervical cancer.
Pristimerin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and fibrosis through modulation of Nrf2 and MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathways.
Mechanisms of Fasting-Mediated Protection against Renal Injury and Fibrosis Development after Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury.
Radiation-induced premature cellular senescence involved in glomerular diseases in rats.
Polyphenols from Tamarix nilotica: LC⁻ESI-MS(n) Profiling and In Vivo Antifibrotic Activity.
Proteome Analysis of Hypoxic Glioblastoma Cells Reveals Sequential Metabolic Adaptation of One-Carbon Metabolic Pathways.
Cardiac-Specific Activation of IKK2 Leads to Defects in Heart Development and Embryonic Lethality.
Salmonella Engages Host MicroRNAs To Modulate SUMOylation: a New Arsenal for Intracellular Survival.
3,4-Dihydroxy-benzohydroxamic acid (Didox) suppresses pro-inflammatory profiles and oxidative stress in TLR4-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophages.
Z-100, extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B, promotes TNF-α production via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (Nod2)-dependent NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells.
Ectopic lymphoid structures function as microniches for tumor progenitor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Identification of multipath genes differentially expressed in pathway-targeted microarrays in zebrafish infected and surviving spring viremia carp virus (SVCV) suggest preventive drug candidates.
Comparative gene expression profiling identifies common molecular signatures of NF-κB activation in canine and human diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Oral epithelial barrier function and the role of nuclear factor kappa-β pathway in the pathogenesis of aphthous ulceration.
Surgical removal of endometrioma decreases the NF-kB1 (p50/105) and NF-kB p65 (Rel A) expression in the eutopic endometrium during the implantation window.
Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and acquisition of stem-cell-like properties.
Nuclear transcription factor-kappa beta-dependent ultrastructural alterations within the placenta and systemic inflammatory activation in pregnant patients with hemolysis, elevated liver functions and low thrombocyte count (HELLP) syndrome: a case-control study.
Chemopreventive efficacy of green tea drinking against 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis.
Hsp72 overexpression accelerates the recovery from caerulein-induced pancreatitis.
Expression of nuclear factor kappa B and survivin in psoriasis.
Hepatic activation of IKK/NFκB signaling induces liver fibrosis via macrophage-mediated chronic inflammation.
Potential role of p38-mitogene-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B expression in testicular dysfunction associated with varicocele: an experimental study.
Calpastatin upregulation in Mycoplasma hyorhinis-infected cells is promoted by the mycoplasma lipoproteins via the NF-κB pathway.
Extensive fibrin accumulation and accompanying epithelial changes in the pathogenesis of ligneous mucosal disease (ligneous periodontitis).
Effect of Si-Miao-Yong-An on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque in a diet-induced rabbit model.
Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis: role of COX2 and NF-kB.
Liu J, Li C, Wang Q, Hu H, Li C, Qian J
Journal of healthcare engineering 2022;2022:1473597
Journal of healthcare engineering 2022;2022:1473597
Targeting clock-controlled gene Nrf2 ameliorates inflammation-induced intervertebral disc degeneration.
Peng P, Wang D, Xu X, Wang D, Gao B, Wang H, Jia H, Shang Q, Zheng C, Gao C, Mao J, Luo Z, Yang L, Hu X
Arthritis research & therapy 2022 Aug 3;24(1):181
Arthritis research & therapy 2022 Aug 3;24(1):181
Capsaicin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Barrier Dysfunction in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Line-J2.
Zhao X, Dong B, Friesen M, Liu S, Zhu C, Yang C
Frontiers in physiology 2021;12:715469
Frontiers in physiology 2021;12:715469
Protective Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Kidney Functions by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress Responses Through Activating PPARα in Rats With Diabetes.
Jiang HW, Zhou Y, Zhou PY, Zhang TY, Hu JY, Bai XT
Frontiers in physiology 2021;12:662666
Frontiers in physiology 2021;12:662666
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides can initiate regeneration of the Xenopus tadpole tail.
Bishop TF, Beck CW
iScience 2021 Nov 19;24(11):103281
iScience 2021 Nov 19;24(11):103281
Stingray Venom Proteins: Mechanisms of Action Revealed Using a Novel Network Pharmacology Approach.
Kirchhoff KN, Billion A, Voolstra CR, Kremb S, Wilke T, Vilcinskas A
Marine drugs 2021 Dec 24;20(1)
Marine drugs 2021 Dec 24;20(1)
Saururus chinensis-controlled allergic pulmonary disease through NF-κB/COX-2 and PGE(2) pathways.
Song M, Lee SY, Kim M, Park S, Park J, Kwon Y, Park DH
PeerJ 2020;8:e10043
PeerJ 2020;8:e10043
Pulsed focused ultrasound enhances the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in acute kidney injury.
Ullah M, Liu DD, Rai S, Razavi M, Concepcion W, Thakor AS
Stem cell research & therapy 2020 Sep 14;11(1):398
Stem cell research & therapy 2020 Sep 14;11(1):398
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri Co-treatment via NF-κB and COX-2 Pathways.
Lee SY, Cho SS, Li Y, Bae CS, Park KM, Park DH
Scientific reports 2020 Mar 31;10(1):5718
Scientific reports 2020 Mar 31;10(1):5718
A-kinase-interacting protein 1 promotes EMT and metastasis via PI3K/Akt/IKKβ pathway in cervical cancer.
Zhang X, Liu S, Zhu Y
Cell biochemistry and function 2020 Aug;38(6):782-791
Cell biochemistry and function 2020 Aug;38(6):782-791
Pristimerin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and fibrosis through modulation of Nrf2 and MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathways.
El-Agamy DS, El-Harbi KM, Khoshhal S, Ahmed N, Elkablawy MA, Shaaban AA, Abo-Haded HM
Cancer management and research 2019;11:47-61
Cancer management and research 2019;11:47-61
Mechanisms of Fasting-Mediated Protection against Renal Injury and Fibrosis Development after Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury.
Rojas-Morales P, Tapia E, León-Contreras JC, González-Reyes S, Jiménez-Osorio AS, Trujillo J, Pavón N, Granados-Pineda J, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Osorio-Alonso H, Pedraza-Chaverri J
Biomolecules 2019 Aug 22;9(9)
Biomolecules 2019 Aug 22;9(9)
Radiation-induced premature cellular senescence involved in glomerular diseases in rats.
Aratani S, Tagawa M, Nagasaka S, Sakai Y, Shimizu A, Tsuruoka S
Scientific reports 2018 Nov 14;8(1):16812
Scientific reports 2018 Nov 14;8(1):16812
Polyphenols from Tamarix nilotica: LC⁻ESI-MS(n) Profiling and In Vivo Antifibrotic Activity.
Sekkien A, Swilam N, Ebada SS, Esmat A, El-Khatib AH, Linscheid MW, Singab AN
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2018 Jun 11;23(6)
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 2018 Jun 11;23(6)
Proteome Analysis of Hypoxic Glioblastoma Cells Reveals Sequential Metabolic Adaptation of One-Carbon Metabolic Pathways.
Zhang K, Xu P, Sowers JL, Machuca DF, Mirfattah B, Herring J, Tang H, Chen Y, Tian B, Brasier AR, Sowers LC
Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2017 Nov;16(11):1906-1921
Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 2017 Nov;16(11):1906-1921
Cardiac-Specific Activation of IKK2 Leads to Defects in Heart Development and Embryonic Lethality.
Kraut B, Maier HJ, Kókai E, Fiedler K, Boettger T, Illing A, Kostin S, Walther P, Braun T, Wirth T
PloS one 2015;10(11):e0141591
PloS one 2015;10(11):e0141591
Salmonella Engages Host MicroRNAs To Modulate SUMOylation: a New Arsenal for Intracellular Survival.
Verma S, Mohapatra G, Ahmad SM, Rana S, Jain S, Khalsa JK, Srikanth CV
Molecular and cellular biology 2015 Sep 1;35(17):2932-46
Molecular and cellular biology 2015 Sep 1;35(17):2932-46
3,4-Dihydroxy-benzohydroxamic acid (Didox) suppresses pro-inflammatory profiles and oxidative stress in TLR4-activated RAW264.7 murine macrophages.
Matsebatlela TM, Anderson AL, Gallicchio VS, Elford H, Rice CD
Chemico-biological interactions 2015 May 25;233:95-105
Chemico-biological interactions 2015 May 25;233:95-105
Z-100, extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B, promotes TNF-α production via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (Nod2)-dependent NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells.
Katsunuma K, Yoshinaga K, Ohira Y, Eta R, Sato T, Horii T, Tanaka T, Takei M, Seto K
Molecular immunology 2015 Mar;64(1):218-27
Molecular immunology 2015 Mar;64(1):218-27
Ectopic lymphoid structures function as microniches for tumor progenitor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Finkin S, Yuan D, Stein I, Taniguchi K, Weber A, Unger K, Browning JL, Goossens N, Nakagawa S, Gunasekaran G, Schwartz ME, Kobayashi M, Kumada H, Berger M, Pappo O, Rajewsky K, Hoshida Y, Karin M, Heikenwalder M, Ben-Neriah Y, Pikarsky E
Nature immunology 2015 Dec;16(12):1235-44
Nature immunology 2015 Dec;16(12):1235-44
Identification of multipath genes differentially expressed in pathway-targeted microarrays in zebrafish infected and surviving spring viremia carp virus (SVCV) suggest preventive drug candidates.
Encinas P, Garcia-Valtanen P, Chinchilla B, Gomez-Casado E, Estepa A, Coll J
PloS one 2013;8(9):e73553
PloS one 2013;8(9):e73553
Comparative gene expression profiling identifies common molecular signatures of NF-κB activation in canine and human diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Mudaliar MA, Haggart RD, Miele G, Sellar G, Tan KA, Goodlad JR, Milne E, Vail DM, Kurzman I, Crowther D, Argyle DJ
PloS one 2013;8(9):e72591
PloS one 2013;8(9):e72591
Oral epithelial barrier function and the role of nuclear factor kappa-β pathway in the pathogenesis of aphthous ulceration.
Günhan Ö, Günal A, Avcı A, Kurgan Ş, Dereci Ö, Kurt B, Celasun B
The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology 2013;24(6):508-14
The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology 2013;24(6):508-14
Surgical removal of endometrioma decreases the NF-kB1 (p50/105) and NF-kB p65 (Rel A) expression in the eutopic endometrium during the implantation window.
Celik O, Celik E, Turkcuoglu I, Yilmaz E, Ulas M, Simsek Y, Karaer A, Celik N, Aydin NE, Ozerol I, Unlu C
Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 2013 Jul;20(7):762-70
Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) 2013 Jul;20(7):762-70
Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and acquisition of stem-cell-like properties.
Schwitalla S, Fingerle AA, Cammareri P, Nebelsiek T, Göktuna SI, Ziegler PK, Canli O, Heijmans J, Huels DJ, Moreaux G, Rupec RA, Gerhard M, Schmid R, Barker N, Clevers H, Lang R, Neumann J, Kirchner T, Taketo MM, van den Brink GR, Sansom OJ, Arkan MC, Greten FR
Cell 2013 Jan 17;152(1-2):25-38
Cell 2013 Jan 17;152(1-2):25-38
Nuclear transcription factor-kappa beta-dependent ultrastructural alterations within the placenta and systemic inflammatory activation in pregnant patients with hemolysis, elevated liver functions and low thrombocyte count (HELLP) syndrome: a case-control study.
Simsek Y, Gul M, Celik O, Aydin NE, Arda Düz S, Celik E, Ozerol E, Özerol IH, Tanbek K
Hypertension in pregnancy 2013 Aug;32(3):281-91
Hypertension in pregnancy 2013 Aug;32(3):281-91
Chemopreventive efficacy of green tea drinking against 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis.
Sadik NA
Cell biochemistry and function 2013 Apr;31(3):196-207
Cell biochemistry and function 2013 Apr;31(3):196-207
Hsp72 overexpression accelerates the recovery from caerulein-induced pancreatitis.
Lunova M, Zizer E, Kucukoglu O, Schwarz C, Dillmann WH, Wagner M, Strnad P
PloS one 2012;7(7):e39972
PloS one 2012;7(7):e39972
Expression of nuclear factor kappa B and survivin in psoriasis.
Gunduz K, Temiz P, Gencoglan G, Inanir I, Catalkaya A
ISRN dermatology 2012;2012:257059
ISRN dermatology 2012;2012:257059
Hepatic activation of IKK/NFκB signaling induces liver fibrosis via macrophage-mediated chronic inflammation.
Sunami Y, Leithäuser F, Gul S, Fiedler K, Güldiken N, Espenlaub S, Holzmann KH, Hipp N, Sindrilaru A, Luedde T, Baumann B, Wissel S, Kreppel F, Schneider M, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Kochanek S, Strnad P, Wirth T
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2012 Sep;56(3):1117-28
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 2012 Sep;56(3):1117-28
Potential role of p38-mitogene-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B expression in testicular dysfunction associated with varicocele: an experimental study.
Simsek A, Ozbek E, Ilbey YO, Cekmen M, Somay A, Tasci AI
Andrologia 2012 May;44 Suppl 1:94-101
Andrologia 2012 May;44 Suppl 1:94-101
Calpastatin upregulation in Mycoplasma hyorhinis-infected cells is promoted by the mycoplasma lipoproteins via the NF-κB pathway.
Elkind E, Vaisid T, Kornspan JD, Barnoy S, Rottem S, Kosower NS
Cellular microbiology 2012 Jun;14(6):840-51
Cellular microbiology 2012 Jun;14(6):840-51
Extensive fibrin accumulation and accompanying epithelial changes in the pathogenesis of ligneous mucosal disease (ligneous periodontitis).
Günhan Ö, Avci A, Dereci Ö, Akgün S, Celasun B
The American Journal of dermatopathology 2012 Feb;34(1):35-40
The American Journal of dermatopathology 2012 Feb;34(1):35-40
Effect of Si-Miao-Yong-An on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque in a diet-induced rabbit model.
Peng L, Li M, Xu YZ, Zhang GY, Yang C, Zhou YN, Li LJ, Zhang JP
Journal of ethnopharmacology 2012 Aug 30;143(1):241-8
Journal of ethnopharmacology 2012 Aug 30;143(1):241-8
Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis: role of COX2 and NF-kB.
Asaad NY, Sadek GS
APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 2006 Oct;114(10):682-9
APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica 2006 Oct;114(10):682-9
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Supportive validation
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- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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- Western blot analysis of RELA was performed with 10 µg of A549 cells transfected with Transfection Reagent alone (Lane 1), 100nM Non-Targeting control siRNA (Lane 2), or 100nM siRNA against RELA (Lane 3). Proteins were resolved using a NuPAGE® Novex 4-12% Bis-Tris Gel (Product # NP0322BOX), XCell SureLock™ Electrophoresis System (Product # EI0002), and a protein size ladder. Proteins were wet transferred to a Pierce Nitrocellulose Membrane (Product # 88025) OR Pierce PVDF Membrane (Product # 88518) and blocked with Pierce Starting Block T20 (PBS) Blocking Buffer (Product # 37539) for 1 hour at room temperature. RELA was detected at ~ 65 kDa using RELA Rabbit polyclonal antibody (Product # PA5-16545) diluted in Pierce Starting Block T20 (PBS) Blocking Buffer 4°C overnight on a rocking platform. Pierce Goat Anti-Rabbit (Product # 31461) HRP-Conjugated Antibodies at a 1:2500 dilution were used and chemiluminescent detection was performed using Pierce Supersignal West Dura Maximum Sensitivity Substrate (Product # 37071). Relative density of the bands normalized to GAPDH (36 kDa). RELA Antibody (Product # PA5-16545) confirms silencing of RELA expression.
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- Western blot analysis of NFkappaB/p65 was performed by loading 50 µg of Jurkat cell lysate per well onto a SDS-PAGE gel. Proteins were transferred to a membrane and blocked with 5% nonfat dry milk in PBS + 0.1% Tween-20 for 30 minutes at room temperature. The membrane was probed with a NFkappaB/p65 polyclonal antibody (Product # PA5-16545) at a concentration of 5 µg/mL for 1 hour at room temperature, washed in PBST, and probed with an anti-rabbit IgG-HRP secondary antibody at a dilution of 1:2500 for 1 hour at room temperature. Detection was performed using a chemiluminescent substrate.
Supportive validation
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- Immunofluorescent analysis of NFkappaB/p65 (green) in HeLa cells either left untreated (left panel) or treated with 25 ng/mL of TNF-alpha (right panel) for 25 minutes. Formalin fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 10 minutes at room temperature and blocked with 1% Blocker BSA (Product # 37525) for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with a NFkappaB/p65 polyclonal antibody (Product # PA5-16545) at a dilution of 1:50 for at least 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS, and incubated with DyLight 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody (Product # 35552) at a dilution of 1:400 for 30 minutes at room temperature. F-Actin (red) was stained with DyLight 554 Phalloidin (Product # 21834) and nuclei (blue) were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye (Product # 62249). Images were taken on a Thermo Scientific ArrayScan or ToxInsight Instrument at 20X magnification.
Supportive validation
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- Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human placenta stained with NFK/P65 antibody using peroxidase-conjugate and AEC chromogen. Note cytoplasmic staining of trophoblasts, fibroblasts and endothelial cells.
Supportive validation
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- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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- Figure 7 Radiation-induced DNA damage and subsequent cellular senescence in-vitro experiments with rat glomerular endothelial cells. ( a - f ) Radiation induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in glomerular endothelial cells, shown as gammaH2AX (a DSBs marker). (green, gammaH2AX and bleu, nuclei). ( g , h , Bar, 50 um) Representative images of SA-beta-gal staining in cultured glomerular endothelial cells at Days 0 and 20. ( i ) Irradiated glomerular endothelial cells displayed increase in positive staining for SA-beta-gal in a time-dependent manner, at Days 3, 10 and 20. ( j ) Irradiated cells showed positive staining for p53 in the nucleus. ( k ) Irradiated cells sustained higher expression level of p21 mRNA compared to normal cells, at Days 3, 10, and 20. ( l ) Irradiated cells showed higher expression levels of p16 mRNA at Day 20. ( m - q ) SASP (IL-6, TNF-alpha, VEGF-A, ICAM and VCAM) was increased in irradiated glomerular endothelial cells at Days 15 and 20. ( r - t , Bar 100 um) Irradiated cells showed increase of expression level of mRNA. Additionally, they showed activation of NF-kB revealed by positive staining in nuclear localization and phosphorylated IkappaBalpha. Values are expressed as mean +- SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and **P < 0.001.
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- Fig. 4 Inflammatory cytokines. a Immunohistochemistry staining for inflammatory markers TNF-alpha and IL-6 in kidney tissue. b Western blot on kidney tissue measuring inflammatory markers TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB (left), alongside their quantification (right). c Quantitative real-time PCR on kidney tissue measuring inflammatory markers Nfkb , Il6 , and Tnfa . d ELISA measurement of blood serum concentrations of cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. Each group has n = 5 mice. Significant difference a p < 0.05: relative to untreated control; b p < 0.05: relative to AKI; c p < 0.05: relative to AKI-EV; d p < 0.05: relative to AKI-EV-pFUS
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- Figure 6 Saururus chinensis (SC) water-extract controlled inflammation through the NF-kappa B/COX-2 and PGE 2 axis. (A-P) Saururus chinensis (SC) water-extract inhibited COX-2 expression via preventing NF-kappa B translocation. Compared to the results in ovalbumin and fine dust treatment group in tap water treatment group the expression of COX-2 protein (red spot) was decreased significantly. In ovalbumin and fine dust treatment group NF-kappa B proteins were translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus and the expression of COX-2 protein was increased effectively. Both in dexamethasone treatment group and in 300 mg/kg SC treatment group, the proteins expression were down-regulated, both of NF-kappa B and COX-2. (R-I) SC effectively inhibited the PGE 2 expression. R, tap water treatment (control) group; S, ovalbumin and fine dust treatment (induction) group; T, ovalbumin, fine dust, and dexamethasone treatment (positive control) group; I, ovalbumin, fine dust, and 300 mg/kg SC treatment group. Arrow, NF-kappa B; arrowhead, COX-2. Magnification, 1000 x. Scale bar, 50 mu m. (Q) The quantitative score of NF- kappa B p65 vs. nucleus or COX-2 vs. nucleus. All the values are presented as mean +- standard deviation. n = 8 per each group. * p < 0.05 vs. tap water treatment group; $ p < 0.05 vs. ovalbumin and fine dust treatment group; $$ p < 0.001 vs. ovalbumin and fine dust treatment group. (V) The number of PGE 2 positive cells in the lung tissue. All values are presented as mean +- stan
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- Figure 4 Effects of capsaicin and LPS treatment on the phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 in LPS-challenged IPEC-J2 cells. The level of phosphorylated NF-kappaB p65 was evaluated using Immunofluorescence staining (A) and Western blotting (B) , respectively. For Immunofluorescence staining, IPEC-J2 cells were seeded into coverslips at a density of 1x10 5 /well and cultured for 2 weeks. After being pretreated with capsaicin (100 muM), cells were stimulated with LPS. Cells then were then fixed for phosphorylated NF-kappaB p65 staining as described in the Materials and Methods. As for Western blot, IPEC-J2 cells were cultured in 6-well plates. Cells were firstly pre-treated with capsaicin (100 muM) for 2 h and then stimulated with LPS (10 mug/mL) for 6 h. The protein was extracted and the total NF-kappaB p65, as well as phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 in LPS-challenged IPEC-J2 cells were detected as described in the Materials and Methods. Values are presented as mean +- SEM. Different letters on bars (a, b) indicate significant differences, P < 0.05.
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- Figure 1 NF-kappaB rapidly and transiently translocates to the nucleus following tail amputation, and this requires active NADPH oxidase (A-C) Western blots showing RelA in cytoplasmic (c) and nuclear (n) protein fractions from stage 55 tail sections as drawn, at indicated hours post amputation (hpa). Arrows indicate approximate site of cuts. Non-specific (NS) bands for each fraction are included as loading controls. (A) Untreated tadpoles (B) Tadpoles treated with 2 muM DPI from 1 h before amputation, to disrupt ROS production. (C) Graph showing percentage of tadpoles regenerating tails after 7 days, following chemical inhibition of NADPH oxidase (Nox) with 2 muM DPI treatment starting 1 h before amputation of the distal third of stage 43 tadpole tail, or 0.1% DMSO vehicle. Single cohort of tadpoles with N = 14-15 tadpoles per replicate Petri dish; points represent three replicates for each time point. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak's multiple comparisons of all means; adjusted p values *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 are shown for treatments that differ significantly from the equivalent vehicle control. (C') Bar graphs indicate the distribution of phenotypes observed in (C). Raw data can be found in Data S1 .
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- Figure 4 C. longa and A. hookeri co-treatment inhibits NF-kappaB and COX-2 expression. ( A ) NF-kappaB is downregulated in the nucleus and COX-2 in the cytoplasm. NF-kappaB and COX-2 are not expressed in the control group and only the nucleus is stained with DAPI (blue spots). Carrageenan stimulates the expression of NF-kappaB in the nucleus and that of COX-2 in the cytoplasm. MSM suppresses the expression of NF-kappaB and COX-2 induced by carrageenan, but the expression of NF-kappaB (arrow) and COX-2 (arrowhead) observed is minimal. C. longa and A. hookeri co-treatment significantly inhibits the expression of NF-kappaB and COX-2. ( B ) The graph and scores present the immunofluorescent results using the image analyzing program in the K1-Fluo confocal microscope. MSM and C. longa and A. hookeri co-treatment statistically significantly control NF-kappaB and COX-2 expression effectively. ( C ) Compared to the density of NF-kappaB in the nucleus and cytoplasm, the pattern is similar to that observed in the immunofluorescence assay. C. longa and A. hookeri co-treatment blocks the translocation of NF-kappaB into the nucleus from the cytoplasm and inhibits the expression of COX-2 in the cytoplasm. ( D ) Depending on the image analysis of the western blotting of NF-kappaB (in nucleus and in cytoplasm) and COX-2 (in the skin tissue), the density graph based on each band per beta-actin was presented using the Image J program. ( E ) MSM and C. longa and A. hookeri co
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- 4 FIGURE NF-kappaB is activated and participates in the AKIP1 mediated induction of the EMT. A, The cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins in Lv-AKIP1-HeLa, Lv-AKIP1-CaSki, and control LEV cells were extracted. Levels of indicated proteins were measured using western blot. B, Measurement of protein signal intensities using ImageJ software. C, AKIP1-HeLa and Lv-AKIP1-CaSki cells were transfected with siRNA-negative control (siNC) or p65 siRNA transiently for 72 hours to knock down p65. The expression levels of AKIP1, p65, E-cadherin, and fibronectin proteins were detected using western blot analysis. D, Measurement of protein signal intensities was done using ImageJ software. E, Knockdown of p65 using siRNA in Hela and CaSki cells was confirmed using RT-PCR. Mean +- SD is used for the description of data from three independent measurements. ** indicates P < .01, as compared to the control