Antibody data
- Antibody Data
- Antigen structure
- References [42]
- Comments [0]
- Validations
- Immunocytochemistry [3]
- Flow cytometry [3]
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- Product number
- MA1810 - Provider product page
- Provider
- Invitrogen Antibodies
- Product name
- CD18 Monoclonal Antibody (TS1/18)
- Antibody type
- Monoclonal
- Antigen
- Other
- Description
- MA1810 targets CD18 in FACS, IA, and ICC/IF applications and shows reactivity with Human samples. This product has been tested for endotoxins by limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay and contains an endotoxin concentration of less than or equal to 10 endotoxin units per milligram (EU/mg). The MA1810 immunogen is human Beta 2 Integrin. MA1810 detects CD18 which has a predicted molecular weight of approximately 83 kDa.
- Reactivity
- Human
- Host
- Mouse
- Isotype
- IgG
- Antibody clone number
- TS1/18
- Vial size
- 200 µg
- Concentration
- 1 mg/mL
- Storage
- -20°C
Submitted references D-dimer and CoV-2 spike-immune complexes contribute to the production of PGE2 and proinflammatory cytokines in monocytes.
CD18-mediated adhesion is required for the induction of a proinflammatory phenotype in lung epithelial cells by mononuclear cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
Lipid Raft is required for PSGL-1 ligation induced HL-60 cell adhesion on ICAM-1.
Neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis depend on substrate mechanics.
The CysLT1 ligand leukotriene D4 supports alpha4beta1- and alpha5beta1-mediated adhesion and proliferation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells.
HOZOTs, novel human regulatory T-cell lines, exhibit helper or suppressor activities depending on dendritic cell or anti-CD3 stimulation.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin requires beta-sheets 1 and 2 of the human CD11a beta-propeller for cytotoxicity.
Dissection of the role of PfEMP1 and ICAM-1 in the sensing of Plasmodium-falciparum-infected erythrocytes by natural killer cells.
Involvement of platelet glycoprotein Ib in platelet microparticle mediated neutrophil activation.
Engagement of PSGL-1 enhances beta(2)-integrin-involved adhesion of neutrophils to recombinant ICAM-1.
Talin1 regulates TCR-mediated LFA-1 function.
Talin1 regulates TCR-mediated LFA-1 function.
Monocyte adhesion to xenogeneic endothelium during laminar flow is dependent on alpha-Gal-mediated monocyte activation.
Monocyte adhesion to xenogeneic endothelium during laminar flow is dependent on alpha-Gal-mediated monocyte activation.
Human CD1-restricted T cell recognition of lipids from pollens.
Regulation of PSGL-1 interactions with L-selectin, P-selectin, and E-selectin: role of human fucosyltransferase-IV and -VII.
PSGL-1 derived from human neutrophils is a high-efficiency ligand for endothelium-expressed E-selectin under flow.
Real-time analysis of very late antigen-4 affinity modulation by shear.
Eosinophil traffic in the circulation following allergen challenge.
Relationship between molecular and cellular dissociation rates for VLA-4/VCAM-1 interaction in the absence of shear stress.
Nonpeptide mediators in the hematopoietic microenvironment.
Human natural killer cell activity against porcine targets: modulation by control of the oxidation-reduction environment and role of adhesion molecule interactions.
Human natural killer cell activity against porcine targets: modulation by control of the oxidation-reduction environment and role of adhesion molecule interactions.
Tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 function to prevent the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes.
Molecular basis of leukocyte rolling on PSGL-1. Predominant role of core-2 O-glycans and of tyrosine sulfate residue 51.
CD2 molecules redistribute to the uropod during T cell scanning: implications for cellular activation and immune surveillance.
Small molecule inhibitors induce conformational changes in the I domain and the I-like domain of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. Molecular insights into integrin inhibition.
Interleukin-6 dimers produced by endothelial cells inhibit apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.
Human neutrophils facilitate tumor cell transendothelial migration.
CD11b/CD18-coated microspheres attach to E-selectin under flow.
CD11b/CD18-coated microspheres attach to E-selectin under flow.
ICAM-3 (CD50) is expressed by human mast cells: induction of homotypic mast cell aggregation via ICAM-3.
ICAM-3 (CD50) is expressed by human mast cells: induction of homotypic mast cell aggregation via ICAM-3.
Promotion of neutrophil chemotaxis through differential regulation of beta 1 and beta 2 integrins.
Posttranscriptional regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor messenger RNA levels by leukocyte integrin engagement.
ICAM-1-CD18 interaction mediates neutrophil cytotoxicity through protease release.
Induction of beta2 integrin-dependent neutrophil adhesion to human alveolar epithelial cells by type 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae and derived soluble factors.
Transendothelial migration of CD34+ and mature hematopoietic cells: an in vitro study using a human bone marrow endothelial cell line.
Downregulation of RAR alpha in mice by antisense transgene leads to a compensatory increase in RAR beta and RAR gamma and development of lymphoma.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection enhances neutrophil and eosinophil adhesion to cultured respiratory epithelial cells. Roles of CD18 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
Peripheral V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cell deletion and anergy to nonpeptidic mycobacterial antigens in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected persons.
LFA-1 and ICAM-1 molecule expression in jejunal mucosa from children with autoimmune enteropathy.
Park YJ, Acosta D, Vassell R, Tang J, Khurana S, Weiss CD, Golding H, Zaitseva M
PLoS pathogens 2022 Apr;18(4):e1010468
PLoS pathogens 2022 Apr;18(4):e1010468
CD18-mediated adhesion is required for the induction of a proinflammatory phenotype in lung epithelial cells by mononuclear cell-derived extracellular vesicles.
Neri T, Scalise V, Passalacqua I, Giusti I, Lombardi S, Balia C, D'Alessandro D, Berrettini S, Pedrinelli R, Paggiaro P, Dolo V, Celi A
Experimental cell research 2018 Apr 1;365(1):78-84
Experimental cell research 2018 Apr 1;365(1):78-84
Lipid Raft is required for PSGL-1 ligation induced HL-60 cell adhesion on ICAM-1.
Xu T, Liu W, Luo J, Li C, Ba X, Ampah KK, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zeng X
PloS one 2013;8(12):e81807
PloS one 2013;8(12):e81807
Neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis depend on substrate mechanics.
Jannat RA, Robbins GP, Ricart BG, Dembo M, Hammer DA
Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal 2010 May 19;22(19):194117
Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal 2010 May 19;22(19):194117
The CysLT1 ligand leukotriene D4 supports alpha4beta1- and alpha5beta1-mediated adhesion and proliferation of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Boehmler AM, Drost A, Jaggy L, Seitz G, Wiesner T, Denzlinger C, Kanz L, Möhle R
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2009 Jun 1;182(11):6789-98
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2009 Jun 1;182(11):6789-98
HOZOTs, novel human regulatory T-cell lines, exhibit helper or suppressor activities depending on dendritic cell or anti-CD3 stimulation.
Sugimoto A, Suzuki M, Otani T, Okochi A, Takeuchi M, Yamasaki F, Nakamura S, Kibata M
Experimental hematology 2009 Dec;37(12):1454-63
Experimental hematology 2009 Dec;37(12):1454-63
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin requires beta-sheets 1 and 2 of the human CD11a beta-propeller for cytotoxicity.
Kieba IR, Fong KP, Tang HY, Hoffman KE, Speicher DW, Klickstein LB, Lally ET
Cellular microbiology 2007 Nov;9(11):2689-99
Cellular microbiology 2007 Nov;9(11):2689-99
Dissection of the role of PfEMP1 and ICAM-1 in the sensing of Plasmodium-falciparum-infected erythrocytes by natural killer cells.
Baratin M, Roetynck S, Pouvelle B, Lemmers C, Viebig NK, Johansson S, Bierling P, Scherf A, Gysin J, Vivier E, Ugolini S
PloS one 2007 Feb 21;2(2):e228
PloS one 2007 Feb 21;2(2):e228
Involvement of platelet glycoprotein Ib in platelet microparticle mediated neutrophil activation.
Lo SC, Hung CY, Lin DT, Peng HC, Huang TF
Journal of biomedical science 2006 Nov;13(6):787-96
Journal of biomedical science 2006 Nov;13(6):787-96
Engagement of PSGL-1 enhances beta(2)-integrin-involved adhesion of neutrophils to recombinant ICAM-1.
Wang XG, Cheng YP, Ba XQ
Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2006 May;27(5):617-22
Acta pharmacologica Sinica 2006 May;27(5):617-22
Talin1 regulates TCR-mediated LFA-1 function.
Simonson WT, Franco SJ, Huttenlocher A
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2006 Dec 1;177(11):7707-14
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2006 Dec 1;177(11):7707-14
Talin1 regulates TCR-mediated LFA-1 function.
Simonson WT, Franco SJ, Huttenlocher A
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2006 Dec 1;177(11):7707-14
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2006 Dec 1;177(11):7707-14
Monocyte adhesion to xenogeneic endothelium during laminar flow is dependent on alpha-Gal-mediated monocyte activation.
Peterson MD, Jin R, Hyduk S, Duchesneau P, Cybulsky MI, Waddell TK
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2005 Jun 15;174(12):8072-81
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2005 Jun 15;174(12):8072-81
Monocyte adhesion to xenogeneic endothelium during laminar flow is dependent on alpha-Gal-mediated monocyte activation.
Peterson MD, Jin R, Hyduk S, Duchesneau P, Cybulsky MI, Waddell TK
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2005 Jun 15;174(12):8072-81
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2005 Jun 15;174(12):8072-81
Human CD1-restricted T cell recognition of lipids from pollens.
Agea E, Russano A, Bistoni O, Mannucci R, Nicoletti I, Corazzi L, Postle AD, De Libero G, Porcelli SA, Spinozzi F
The Journal of experimental medicine 2005 Jul 18;202(2):295-308
The Journal of experimental medicine 2005 Jul 18;202(2):295-308
Regulation of PSGL-1 interactions with L-selectin, P-selectin, and E-selectin: role of human fucosyltransferase-IV and -VII.
Martinez M, Joffraud M, Giraud S, Baïsse B, Bernimoulin MP, Schapira M, Spertini O
The Journal of biological chemistry 2005 Feb 18;280(7):5378-90
The Journal of biological chemistry 2005 Feb 18;280(7):5378-90
PSGL-1 derived from human neutrophils is a high-efficiency ligand for endothelium-expressed E-selectin under flow.
Zou X, Shinde Patil VR, Dagia NM, Smith LA, Wargo MJ, Interliggi KA, Lloyd CM, Tees DF, Walcheck B, Lawrence MB, Goetz DJ
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2005 Aug;289(2):C415-24
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2005 Aug;289(2):C415-24
Real-time analysis of very late antigen-4 affinity modulation by shear.
Zwartz GJ, Chigaev A, Dwyer DC, Foutz TD, Edwards BS, Sklar LA
The Journal of biological chemistry 2004 Sep 10;279(37):38277-86
The Journal of biological chemistry 2004 Sep 10;279(37):38277-86
Eosinophil traffic in the circulation following allergen challenge.
Sklar LA, Tsuji H, Edwards BS, Larson RS, Schuyler M
Allergy 2004 Jun;59(6):596-605
Allergy 2004 Jun;59(6):596-605
Relationship between molecular and cellular dissociation rates for VLA-4/VCAM-1 interaction in the absence of shear stress.
Zwartz G, Chigaev A, Foutz T, Larson RS, Posner R, Sklar LA
Biophysical journal 2004 Feb;86(2):1243-52
Biophysical journal 2004 Feb;86(2):1243-52
Nonpeptide mediators in the hematopoietic microenvironment.
Mohle R, Boehmler AM, Denzlinger C, Kanz L
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2003 May;996:61-6
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2003 May;996:61-6
Human natural killer cell activity against porcine targets: modulation by control of the oxidation-reduction environment and role of adhesion molecule interactions.
Horvath-Arcidiacono JA, Tsuyuki S, Mostowski H, Bloom ET
Cellular immunology 2003 Mar;222(1):35-44
Cellular immunology 2003 Mar;222(1):35-44
Human natural killer cell activity against porcine targets: modulation by control of the oxidation-reduction environment and role of adhesion molecule interactions.
Horvath-Arcidiacono JA, Tsuyuki S, Mostowski H, Bloom ET
Cellular immunology 2003 Mar;222(1):35-44
Cellular immunology 2003 Mar;222(1):35-44
Tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 function to prevent the fusion of mononuclear phagocytes.
Takeda Y, Tachibana I, Miyado K, Kobayashi M, Miyazaki T, Funakoshi T, Kimura H, Yamane H, Saito Y, Goto H, Yoneda T, Yoshida M, Kumagai T, Osaki T, Hayashi S, Kawase I, Mekada E
The Journal of cell biology 2003 Jun 9;161(5):945-56
The Journal of cell biology 2003 Jun 9;161(5):945-56
Molecular basis of leukocyte rolling on PSGL-1. Predominant role of core-2 O-glycans and of tyrosine sulfate residue 51.
Bernimoulin MP, Zeng XL, Abbal C, Giraud S, Martinez M, Michielin O, Schapira M, Spertini O
The Journal of biological chemistry 2003 Jan 3;278(1):37-47
The Journal of biological chemistry 2003 Jan 3;278(1):37-47
CD2 molecules redistribute to the uropod during T cell scanning: implications for cellular activation and immune surveillance.
Tibaldi EV, Salgia R, Reinherz EL
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002 May 28;99(11):7582-7
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002 May 28;99(11):7582-7
Small molecule inhibitors induce conformational changes in the I domain and the I-like domain of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. Molecular insights into integrin inhibition.
Welzenbach K, Hommel U, Weitz-Schmidt G
The Journal of biological chemistry 2002 Mar 22;277(12):10590-8
The Journal of biological chemistry 2002 Mar 22;277(12):10590-8
Interleukin-6 dimers produced by endothelial cells inhibit apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.
Moreno A, Villar ML, Cámara C, Luque R, Cespón C, González-Porqué P, Roy G, López-Jiménez J, Bootello A, Santiago ER
Blood 2001 Jan 1;97(1):242-9
Blood 2001 Jan 1;97(1):242-9
Human neutrophils facilitate tumor cell transendothelial migration.
Wu QD, Wang JH, Condron C, Bouchier-Hayes D, Redmond HP
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2001 Apr;280(4):C814-22
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2001 Apr;280(4):C814-22
CD11b/CD18-coated microspheres attach to E-selectin under flow.
Crutchfield KL, Shinde Patil VR, Campbell CJ, Parkos CA, Allport JR, Goetz DJ
Journal of leukocyte biology 2000 Feb;67(2):196-205
Journal of leukocyte biology 2000 Feb;67(2):196-205
CD11b/CD18-coated microspheres attach to E-selectin under flow.
Crutchfield KL, Shinde Patil VR, Campbell CJ, Parkos CA, Allport JR, Goetz DJ
Journal of leukocyte biology 2000 Feb;67(2):196-205
Journal of leukocyte biology 2000 Feb;67(2):196-205
ICAM-3 (CD50) is expressed by human mast cells: induction of homotypic mast cell aggregation via ICAM-3.
Babina M, Mammeri K, Henz BM
Cell adhesion and communication 1999;7(3):195-209
Cell adhesion and communication 1999;7(3):195-209
ICAM-3 (CD50) is expressed by human mast cells: induction of homotypic mast cell aggregation via ICAM-3.
Babina M, Mammeri K, Henz BM
Cell adhesion and communication 1999;7(3):195-209
Cell adhesion and communication 1999;7(3):195-209
Promotion of neutrophil chemotaxis through differential regulation of beta 1 and beta 2 integrins.
Harler MB, Wakshull E, Filardo EJ, Albina JE, Reichner JS
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1999 Jun 1;162(11):6792-9
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1999 Jun 1;162(11):6792-9
Posttranscriptional regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor messenger RNA levels by leukocyte integrin engagement.
Wang GJ, Collinge M, Blasi F, Pardi R, Bender JR
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 May 26;95(11):6296-301
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998 May 26;95(11):6296-301
ICAM-1-CD18 interaction mediates neutrophil cytotoxicity through protease release.
Barnett CC Jr, Moore EE, Mierau GW, Partrick DA, Biffl WL, Elzi DJ, Silliman CC
The American journal of physiology 1998 Jun;274(6):C1634-44
The American journal of physiology 1998 Jun;274(6):C1634-44
Induction of beta2 integrin-dependent neutrophil adhesion to human alveolar epithelial cells by type 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae and derived soluble factors.
Smith JD, Cortes NJ, Evans GS, Read RC, Finn A
The Journal of infectious diseases 1998 Apr;177(4):977-85
The Journal of infectious diseases 1998 Apr;177(4):977-85
Transendothelial migration of CD34+ and mature hematopoietic cells: an in vitro study using a human bone marrow endothelial cell line.
Möhle R, Moore MA, Nachman RL, Rafii S
Blood 1997 Jan 1;89(1):72-80
Blood 1997 Jan 1;89(1):72-80
Downregulation of RAR alpha in mice by antisense transgene leads to a compensatory increase in RAR beta and RAR gamma and development of lymphoma.
Manshouri T, Yang Y, Lin H, Stass SA, Glassman AB, Keating MJ, Albitar M
Blood 1997 Apr 1;89(7):2507-15
Blood 1997 Apr 1;89(7):2507-15
Respiratory syncytial virus infection enhances neutrophil and eosinophil adhesion to cultured respiratory epithelial cells. Roles of CD18 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
Stark JM, Godding V, Sedgwick JB, Busse WW
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1996 Jun 15;156(12):4774-82
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1996 Jun 15;156(12):4774-82
Peripheral V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cell deletion and anergy to nonpeptidic mycobacterial antigens in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected persons.
Poccia F, Boullier S, Lecoeur H, Cochet M, Poquet Y, Colizzi V, Fournie JJ, Gougeon ML
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1996 Jul 1;157(1):449-61
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1996 Jul 1;157(1):449-61
LFA-1 and ICAM-1 molecule expression in jejunal mucosa from children with autoimmune enteropathy.
Hill S, Milla PJ, Ciampolillo A, Napolitano G, Bottazzo GF, Mirakian R
Autoimmunity 1992;13(3):233-41
Autoimmunity 1992;13(3):233-41
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Supportive validation
- Submitted by
- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Immunofluorescent analysis of CD18 (green) showing staining in the cytoplasm of Hela cells (right) compared to a negative control without primary antibody (left). Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with a CD18 monoclonal antibody (Product # MA1810) in 3% BSA-PBS at a dilution of 1:20 and incubated overnight at 4 ºC in a humidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a DyLight-conjugated secondary antibody in PBS at room temperature in the dark. F-actin (red) was stained with a fluorescent red phalloidin and nuclei (blue) were stained with Hoechst or DAPI. Images were taken at a magnification of 60x.
- Submitted by
- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Immunofluorescent analysis of CD18/ITGB2 (green) showing staining in the in the membrane of Jurkat cells (right) compared to a negative control without primary antibody (left). Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with a CD18/ITGB2 monoclonal antibody (Product # MA1810) in 3% BSA-PBS at a dilution of 1:20 and incubated overnight at 4ºC in a humidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a DyLight-conjugated secondary antibody in PBS at room temperature in the dark. Nuclei (blue) were stained with Hoechst or DAPI. Images were taken at a magnification of 60x.
- Submitted by
- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Immunofluorescent analysis of CD18/ITGB2 (green) showing staining in the in the membrane of THP-1 cells (right) compared to a negative control without primary antibody (left). Formalin-fixed cells were permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in TBS for 5-10 minutes and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature. Cells were probed with a CD18/ITGB2 monoclonal antibody (Product # MA1810) in 3% BSA-PBS at a dilution of 1:20 and incubated overnight at 4ºC in a humidified chamber. Cells were washed with PBST and incubated with a DyLight-conjugated secondary antibody in PBS at room temperature in the dark. Nuclei (blue) were stained with Hoechst or DAPI. Images were taken at a magnification of 60x.
Supportive validation
- Submitted by
- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Flow cytometry analysis of CD18 in Jurkat cells (green) compared to an isotype control (blue). Cells were harvested, adjusted to a concentration of 1-5x10^6 cells/mL, fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and washed with PBS. Cells were blocked with a 2% solution of BSA-PBS for 30 min at room temperature and incubated with a CD18 monoclonal antibody (Product # MA1810) at a dilution of 0.5 µg/test for 60 min at room temperature. Cells were then incubated for 40 min at room temperature in the dark using a Dylight 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary antibody and re-suspended in PBS for FACS analysis.
- Submitted by
- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Flow cytometry analysis of CD18 in PBMC cells (green) compared to an isotype control (blue). Human blood was collected, combined with a hydrophilic polysaccharide, centrifuged, transferred to a conical tube and washed with PBS. 50 µL of cell solution was added to each tube at a dilution of 2x10^7 cells/mL, followed by the addition of 50 µL of isotype control and primary antibody (Product # MA1810) at a dilution of 0.5 µg/test. Cells were incubated for 30 min at 4ºC and washed with a cell buffer, followed by incubation with a DyLight 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary for 30 min at 4ºC in the dark. FACS analysis was performed using 400 µL of cell buffer.
- Submitted by
- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Flow cytometry analysis of CD18 in PBMC cells (green) compared to an isotype control (blue). Human blood was collected, combined with a hydrophilic polysaccharide, centrifuged, transferred to a conical tube and washed with PBS. 50 µL of cell solution was added to each tube at a dilution of 2x10^7 cells/mL, followed by the addition of 50 µL of isotype control and primary antibody (Product # MA1810) at a dilution of 0.5 µg/test. Cells were incubated for 30 min at 4ºC and washed with a cell buffer, followed by incubation with a DyLight 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary for 30 min at 4ºC in the dark. FACS analysis was performed using 400 µL of cell buffer.