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- Product number
- 44-728G - Provider product page
- Provider
- Invitrogen Antibodies
- Product name
- Phospho-EIF2S1 (Ser52) Polyclonal Antibody
- Antibody type
- Polyclonal
- Antigen
- Synthetic peptide
- Reactivity
- Human, Mouse, Yeast
- Host
- Rabbit
- Isotype
- IgG
- Vial size
- 100 µL
- Storage
- -20°C
Submitted references The transcription factor Xrp1 orchestrates both reduced translation and cell competition upon defective ribosome assembly or function.
Magnesium depletion extends fission yeast lifespan via general amino acid control activation.
Exercise training mitigates ER stress and UCP2 deficiency-associated coronary vascular dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
ERAD components Derlin-1 and Derlin-2 are essential for postnatal brain development and motor function.
Proteostasis in dendritic cells is controlled by the PERK signaling axis independently of ATF4.
Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting the PERK Pathway.
Protein Stability Buffers the Cost of Translation Attenuation following eIF2α Phosphorylation.
Mitochondrial stress is relayed to the cytosol by an OMA1-DELE1-HRI pathway.
Exercise training ameliorates cerebrovascular dysfunction in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease: role of the P2Y2 receptor and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
eIF2B as a Target for Viral Evasion of PKR-Mediated Translation Inhibition.
Hypomodified tRNA in evolutionarily distant yeasts can trigger rapid tRNA decay to activate the general amino acid control response, but with different consequences.
The switch-like expression of heme-regulated kinase 1 mediates neuronal proteostasis following proteasome inhibition.
Proteome dynamics during homeostatic scaling in cultured neurons.
RNA-Induced Conformational Switching and Clustering of G3BP Drive Stress Granule Assembly by Condensation.
Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Sephin1 Treatment and Its Consequences on eIF2α Phosphorylation in Response to Viral Infections.
Translation of upstream open reading frames in a model of neuronal differentiation.
TEX264 Is an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Resident ATG8-Interacting Protein Critical for ER Remodeling during Nutrient Stress.
HDAC inhibitors rescue multiple disease-causing CFTR variants.
Cellular eIF2B subunit localization: implications for the integrated stress response and its control by small molecule drugs.
PKR modulates abnormal brain signaling in experimental obesity.
Integrated Stress Response Activity Marks Stem Cells in Normal Hematopoiesis and Leukemia.
A data-entrained computational model for testing the regulatory logic of the vertebrate unfolded protein response.
Exacerbated Apoptosis of Cells Infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus upon Exposure to Interferon Alpha.
Oxidative stress promotes SIRT1 recruitment to the GADD34/PP1α complex to activate its deacetylase function.
HRI-mediated translational repression reduces proteotoxicity and sensitivity to bortezomib in human pancreatic cancer cells.
Target-Based Discovery of an Inhibitor of the Regulatory Phosphatase PPP1R15B.
Cost-effective and rapid lysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for quantitative western blot analysis of proteins, including phosphorylated eIF2α.
Single amino acid substitution in LC-CDR1 induces Russell body phenotype that attenuates cellular protein synthesis through eIF2α phosphorylation and thereby downregulates IgG secretion despite operational secretory pathway traffic.
mTORC1 inhibition in cancer cells protects from glutaminolysis-mediated apoptosis during nutrient limitation.
General Control Nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) Kinase Inhibits Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 in Response to Amino Acid Starvation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PERK Regulates Working Memory and Protein Synthesis-Dependent Memory Flexibility.
IMPACT is a GCN2 inhibitor that limits lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.
The cytotoxic effect of the NOS-mediated oxidative stress in MCF-7 cells after PbCl₂ exposure.
Chronology of UPR activation in skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic contractile activity.
Feline Calicivirus Infection Disrupts Assembly of Cytoplasmic Stress Granules and Induces G3BP1 Cleavage.
NSs Virulence Factor of Rift Valley Fever Virus Engages the F-Box Proteins FBXW11 and β-TRCP1 To Degrade the Antiviral Protein Kinase PKR.
Infantile Cirrhosis, Growth Impairment, and Neurodevelopmental Anomalies Associated with Deficiency of PPP1R15B.
Stress Granule Induction after Brain Ischemia Is Independent of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor (eIF) 2α Phosphorylation and Is Correlated with a Decrease in eIF4B and eIF4E Proteins.
Perturbations in actin dynamics reconfigure protein complexes that modulate GCN2 activity and promote an eIF2 response.
Ebola Virus Does Not Induce Stress Granule Formation during Infection and Sequesters Stress Granule Proteins within Viral Inclusions.
The Gcn2 Regulator Yih1 Interacts with the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Cdc28 and Promotes Cell Cycle Progression through G2/M in Budding Yeast.
The impact of the phosphomimetic eIF2αS/D on global translation, reinitiation and the integrated stress response is attenuated in N2a cells.
Stress-resistant Translation of Cathepsin L mRNA in Breast Cancer Progression.
Impaired protein translation in Drosophila models for Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy caused by mutant tRNA synthetases.
The role of NOS-mediated ROS accumulation in an early phase Cu-induced acute cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells.
The small molecule ISRIB reverses the effects of eIF2α phosphorylation on translation and stress granule assembly.
Identification of protein disulfide isomerase 1 as a key isomerase for disulfide bond formation in apolipoprotein B100.
Hepatocyte Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Reduced Oxidase 4 Regulates Stress Signaling, Fibrosis, and Insulin Sensitivity During Development of Steatohepatitis in Mice.
Preventing proteostasis diseases by selective inhibition of a phosphatase regulatory subunit.
An AUG codon conserved for protein function rather than translational initiation: the story of the protein sElk1.
Mmu-miR-615-3p regulates lipoapoptosis by inhibiting C/EBP homologous protein.
Reporters transiently transfected into mammalian cells are highly sensitive to translational repression induced by dsRNA expression.
Crosstalk between the Tor and Gcn2 pathways in response to different stresses.
The role of constitutive nitric-oxide synthase in ultraviolet B light-induced nuclear factor κB activity.
The role of nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway in the Zn-induced cellular responses in MCF-7 cells.
Interaction of Nck1 and PERK phosphorylated at Y⁵⁶¹ negatively modulates PERK activity and PERK regulation of pancreatic β-cell proinsulin content.
The unfolded protein response and the phosphorylations of activating transcription factor 2 in the trans-activation of il23a promoter produced by β-glucans.
PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase is necessary for lipogenic activation during HCMV infection.
PPM1l encodes an inositol requiring-protein 1 (IRE1) specific phosphatase that regulates the functional outcome of the ER stress response.
Suppression of eIF2α kinases alleviates Alzheimer's disease-related plasticity and memory deficits.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress impairs IL-4/IL-13 signaling through C/EBPβ-mediated transcriptional suppression.
Receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1) homolog Cpc2 facilitates the general amino acid control response through Gcn2 kinase in fission yeast.
Translation initiation requires cell division cycle 123 (Cdc123) to facilitate biogenesis of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2).
An upstream open reading frame modulates ebola virus polymerase translation and virus replication.
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) contributes to suppression of metabolic genes during endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver.
Mutual cross talk between the regulators Hac1 of the unfolded protein response and Gcn4 of the general amino acid control of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The infectious bursal disease virus RNA-binding VP3 polypeptide inhibits PKR-mediated apoptosis.
Accumulation of autophagosomes in Semliki Forest virus-infected cells is dependent on expression of the viral glycoproteins.
Murine cytomegalovirus targets transcription factor ATF4 to exploit the unfolded-protein response.
Induction of a G1-S checkpoint in fission yeast.
A cellular response linking eIF4AI activity to eIF4AII transcription.
Herpes simplex virus-1 disarms the unfolded protein response in the early stages of infection.
The chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil promotes PKR-mediated apoptosis in a p53-independent manner in colon and breast cancer cells.
Skeletal muscle amino acid transporter expression is increased in young and older adults following resistance exercise.
Phosphorylation of eIF2 facilitates ribosomal bypass of an inhibitory upstream ORF to enhance CHOP translation.
Phosphorylation of eIF2α at serine 51 is an important determinant of cell survival and adaptation to glucose deficiency.
Translation control by protein kinase R restricts minute virus of mice infection: role in parvovirus oncolysis.
Transgenic mouse and cell culture models demonstrate a lack of mechanistic connection between endoplasmic reticulum stress and tau dysfunction.
Methylation of ribosomal protein L42 regulates ribosomal function and stress-adapted cell growth.
A crucial role for RACK1 in the regulation of glucose-stimulated IRE1alpha activation in pancreatic beta cells.
Ectopic expression of eIF2Bepsilon in rat skeletal muscle rescues the sepsis-induced reduction in guanine nucleotide exchange activity and protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke in 3T3 cells activates the unfolded-protein-response-dependent PERK pathway of cell survival.
Phosphorylation of eIF2 directs ATF5 translational control in response to diverse stress conditions.
Dephosphorylation of translation initiation factor 2alpha enhances glucose tolerance and attenuates hepatosteatosis in mice.
Preserved protein synthesis in the heart in response to acute fasting and chronic food restriction despite reductions in liver and skeletal muscle.
An intact unfolded protein response in Trpt1 knockout mice reveals phylogenic divergence in pathways for RNA ligation.
Differential control of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) products liver-enriched transcriptional activating protein (LAP) and liver-enriched transcriptional inhibitory protein (LIP) and the regulation of gene expression during the response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase mediates radiation resistance in mouse embryo fibroblasts through nuclear factor kappaB and Akt activation.
Enhanced antiglioma activity of chimeric HCMV/HSV-1 oncolytic viruses.
The eukaryotic initiation factor-2 kinase pathway facilitates differential GADD45a expression in response to environmental stress.
Hippocampal cellular stress responses after global brain ischemia and reperfusion.
Impaired dexamethasone-mediated induction of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in heme-deficient rat hepatocytes: translational control by a hepatic eIF2alpha kinase, the heme-regulated inhibitor.
Minimizing off-target effects by using diced siRNAs for RNA interference.
Mechanistic link between PKR dimerization, autophosphorylation, and eIF2alpha substrate recognition.
Human cytomegalovirus TRS1 and IRS1 gene products block the double-stranded-RNA-activated host protein shutoff response induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 infection.
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD34 targets protein phosphatase 1 alpha to the endoplasmic reticulum and promotes dephosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2.
The PERK eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha kinase is required for the development of the skeletal system, postnatal growth, and the function and viability of the pancreas.
The PERK eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha kinase is required for the development of the skeletal system, postnatal growth, and the function and viability of the pancreas.
Kiparaki M, Khan C, Folgado-Marco V, Chuen J, Moulos P, Baker NE
eLife 2022 Feb 18;11
eLife 2022 Feb 18;11
Magnesium depletion extends fission yeast lifespan via general amino acid control activation.
Ohtsuka H, Kobayashi M, Shimasaki T, Sato T, Akanuma G, Kitaura Y, Otsubo Y, Yamashita A, Aiba H
MicrobiologyOpen 2021 Mar;10(2):e1176
MicrobiologyOpen 2021 Mar;10(2):e1176
Exercise training mitigates ER stress and UCP2 deficiency-associated coronary vascular dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
Hong J, Park E, Lee J, Lee Y, Rooney BV, Park Y
Scientific reports 2021 Jul 29;11(1):15449
Scientific reports 2021 Jul 29;11(1):15449
ERAD components Derlin-1 and Derlin-2 are essential for postnatal brain development and motor function.
Sugiyama T, Murao N, Kadowaki H, Takao K, Miyakawa T, Matsushita Y, Katagiri T, Futatsugi A, Shinmyo Y, Kawasaki H, Sakai J, Shiomi K, Nakazato M, Takeda K, Mikoshiba K, Ploegh HL, Ichijo H, Nishitoh H
iScience 2021 Jul 23;24(7):102758
iScience 2021 Jul 23;24(7):102758
Proteostasis in dendritic cells is controlled by the PERK signaling axis independently of ATF4.
Mendes A, Gigan JP, Rodriguez Rodrigues C, Choteau SA, Sanseau D, Barros D, Almeida C, Camosseto V, Chasson L, Paton AW, Paton JC, Argüello RJ, Lennon-Duménil AM, Gatti E, Pierre P
Life science alliance 2021 Feb;4(2)
Life science alliance 2021 Feb;4(2)
Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Reduces Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting the PERK Pathway.
Chen Y, Cao S, Chen H, Yin C, Xu X, Yang Z
Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 2021 Dec;117(6):1134-1144
Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia 2021 Dec;117(6):1134-1144
Protein Stability Buffers the Cost of Translation Attenuation following eIF2α Phosphorylation.
Schneider K, Nelson GM, Watson JL, Morf J, Dalglish M, Luh LM, Weber A, Bertolotti A
Cell reports 2020 Sep 15;32(11):108154
Cell reports 2020 Sep 15;32(11):108154
Mitochondrial stress is relayed to the cytosol by an OMA1-DELE1-HRI pathway.
Guo X, Aviles G, Liu Y, Tian R, Unger BA, Lin YT, Wiita AP, Xu K, Correia MA, Kampmann M
Nature 2020 Mar;579(7799):427-432
Nature 2020 Mar;579(7799):427-432
Exercise training ameliorates cerebrovascular dysfunction in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease: role of the P2Y2 receptor and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Hong J, Hong SG, Lee J, Park JY, Eriksen JL, Rooney BV, Park Y
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2020 Jun 1;318(6):H1559-H1569
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2020 Jun 1;318(6):H1559-H1569
eIF2B as a Target for Viral Evasion of PKR-Mediated Translation Inhibition.
Wuerth JD, Habjan M, Kainulainen M, Berisha B, Bertheloot D, Superti-Furga G, Pichlmair A, Weber F
mBio 2020 Jul 14;11(4)
mBio 2020 Jul 14;11(4)
Hypomodified tRNA in evolutionarily distant yeasts can trigger rapid tRNA decay to activate the general amino acid control response, but with different consequences.
De Zoysa T, Phizicky EM
PLoS genetics 2020 Aug;16(8):e1008893
PLoS genetics 2020 Aug;16(8):e1008893
The switch-like expression of heme-regulated kinase 1 mediates neuronal proteostasis following proteasome inhibition.
Alvarez-Castelao B, Tom Dieck S, Fusco CM, Donlin-Asp P, Perez JD, Schuman EM
eLife 2020 Apr 24;9
eLife 2020 Apr 24;9
Proteome dynamics during homeostatic scaling in cultured neurons.
Dörrbaum AR, Alvarez-Castelao B, Nassim-Assir B, Langer JD, Schuman EM
eLife 2020 Apr 2;9
eLife 2020 Apr 2;9
RNA-Induced Conformational Switching and Clustering of G3BP Drive Stress Granule Assembly by Condensation.
Guillén-Boixet J, Kopach A, Holehouse AS, Wittmann S, Jahnel M, Schlüßler R, Kim K, Trussina IREA, Wang J, Mateju D, Poser I, Maharana S, Ruer-Gruß M, Richter D, Zhang X, Chang YT, Guck J, Honigmann A, Mahamid J, Hyman AA, Pappu RV, Alberti S, Franzmann TM
Cell 2020 Apr 16;181(2):346-361.e17
Cell 2020 Apr 16;181(2):346-361.e17
Evaluation of the Antiviral Activity of Sephin1 Treatment and Its Consequences on eIF2α Phosphorylation in Response to Viral Infections.
Fusade-Boyer M, Dupré G, Bessière P, Khiar S, Quentin-Froignant C, Beck C, Lecollinet S, Rameix-Welti MA, Eléouët JF, Tangy F, Lajoie B, Bertagnoli S, Vidalain PO, Gallardo F, Volmer R
Frontiers in immunology 2019;10:134
Frontiers in immunology 2019;10:134
Translation of upstream open reading frames in a model of neuronal differentiation.
Rodriguez CM, Chun SY, Mills RE, Todd PK
BMC genomics 2019 May 20;20(1):391
BMC genomics 2019 May 20;20(1):391
TEX264 Is an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Resident ATG8-Interacting Protein Critical for ER Remodeling during Nutrient Stress.
An H, Ordureau A, Paulo JA, Shoemaker CJ, Denic V, Harper JW
Molecular cell 2019 Jun 6;74(5):891-908.e10
Molecular cell 2019 Jun 6;74(5):891-908.e10
HDAC inhibitors rescue multiple disease-causing CFTR variants.
Anglès F, Hutt DM, Balch WE
Human molecular genetics 2019 Jun 15;28(12):1982-2000
Human molecular genetics 2019 Jun 15;28(12):1982-2000
Cellular eIF2B subunit localization: implications for the integrated stress response and its control by small molecule drugs.
Hodgson RE, Varanda BA, Ashe MP, Allen KE, Campbell SG
Molecular biology of the cell 2019 Apr 1;30(8):942-958
Molecular biology of the cell 2019 Apr 1;30(8):942-958
PKR modulates abnormal brain signaling in experimental obesity.
Taga M, Mouton-Liger F, Sadoune M, Gourmaud S, Norman J, Tible M, Thomasseau S, Paquet C, Nicoll JAR, Boche D, Hugon J
PloS one 2018;13(5):e0196983
PloS one 2018;13(5):e0196983
Integrated Stress Response Activity Marks Stem Cells in Normal Hematopoiesis and Leukemia.
van Galen P, Mbong N, Kreso A, Schoof EM, Wagenblast E, Ng SWK, Krivdova G, Jin L, Nakauchi H, Dick JE
Cell reports 2018 Oct 30;25(5):1109-1117.e5
Cell reports 2018 Oct 30;25(5):1109-1117.e5
A data-entrained computational model for testing the regulatory logic of the vertebrate unfolded protein response.
Diedrichs DR, Gomez JA, Huang CS, Rutkowski DT, Curtu R
Molecular biology of the cell 2018 Jun 15;29(12):1502-1517
Molecular biology of the cell 2018 Jun 15;29(12):1502-1517
Exacerbated Apoptosis of Cells Infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus upon Exposure to Interferon Alpha.
Cubas-Gaona LL, Diaz-Beneitez E, Ciscar M, Rodríguez JF, Rodríguez D
Journal of virology 2018 Jun 1;92(11)
Journal of virology 2018 Jun 1;92(11)
Oxidative stress promotes SIRT1 recruitment to the GADD34/PP1α complex to activate its deacetylase function.
Lee IC, Ho XY, George SE, Goh CW, Sundaram JR, Pang KKL, Luo W, Yusoff P, Sze NSK, Shenolikar S
Cell death and differentiation 2018 Feb;25(2):255-267
Cell death and differentiation 2018 Feb;25(2):255-267
HRI-mediated translational repression reduces proteotoxicity and sensitivity to bortezomib in human pancreatic cancer cells.
White MC, Schroeder RD, Zhu K, Xiong K, McConkey DJ
Oncogene 2018 Aug;37(32):4413-4427
Oncogene 2018 Aug;37(32):4413-4427
Target-Based Discovery of an Inhibitor of the Regulatory Phosphatase PPP1R15B.
Krzyzosiak A, Sigurdardottir A, Luh L, Carrara M, Das I, Schneider K, Bertolotti A
Cell 2018 Aug 23;174(5):1216-1228.e19
Cell 2018 Aug 23;174(5):1216-1228.e19
Cost-effective and rapid lysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for quantitative western blot analysis of proteins, including phosphorylated eIF2α.
Lee SJ, Ramesh R, de Boor V, Gebler JM, Silva RC, Sattlegger E
Yeast (Chichester, England) 2017 Sep;34(9):371-382
Yeast (Chichester, England) 2017 Sep;34(9):371-382
Single amino acid substitution in LC-CDR1 induces Russell body phenotype that attenuates cellular protein synthesis through eIF2α phosphorylation and thereby downregulates IgG secretion despite operational secretory pathway traffic.
Hasegawa H, Hsu A, Tinberg CE, Siegler KE, Nazarian AA, Tsai MM
mAbs 2017 Jul;9(5):854-873
mAbs 2017 Jul;9(5):854-873
mTORC1 inhibition in cancer cells protects from glutaminolysis-mediated apoptosis during nutrient limitation.
Villar VH, Nguyen TL, Delcroix V, Terés S, Bouchecareilh M, Salin B, Bodineau C, Vacher P, Priault M, Soubeyran P, Durán RV
Nature communications 2017 Jan 23;8:14124
Nature communications 2017 Jan 23;8:14124
General Control Nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) Kinase Inhibits Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 in Response to Amino Acid Starvation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Yuan W, Guo S, Gao J, Zhong M, Yan G, Wu W, Chao Y, Jiang Y
The Journal of biological chemistry 2017 Feb 17;292(7):2660-2669
The Journal of biological chemistry 2017 Feb 17;292(7):2660-2669
PERK Regulates Working Memory and Protein Synthesis-Dependent Memory Flexibility.
Zhu S, Henninger K, McGrath BC, Cavener DR
PloS one 2016;11(9):e0162766
PloS one 2016;11(9):e0162766
IMPACT is a GCN2 inhibitor that limits lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Ferraz RC, Camara H, De-Souza EA, Pinto S, Pinca AP, Silva RC, Sato VN, Castilho BA, Mori MA
BMC biology 2016 Oct 7;14(1):87
BMC biology 2016 Oct 7;14(1):87
The cytotoxic effect of the NOS-mediated oxidative stress in MCF-7 cells after PbCl₂ exposure.
Zhong L, Wang L, Xu L, Liu Q, Jiang L, Zhi Y, Lu W, Zhou P
Environmental toxicology 2016 May;31(5):601-8
Environmental toxicology 2016 May;31(5):601-8
Chronology of UPR activation in skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic contractile activity.
Memme JM, Oliveira AN, Hood DA
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2016 Jun 1;310(11):C1024-36
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology 2016 Jun 1;310(11):C1024-36
Feline Calicivirus Infection Disrupts Assembly of Cytoplasmic Stress Granules and Induces G3BP1 Cleavage.
Humoud MN, Doyle N, Royall E, Willcocks MM, Sorgeloos F, van Kuppeveld F, Roberts LO, Goodfellow IG, Langereis MA, Locker N
Journal of virology 2016 Jul 15;90(14):6489-6501
Journal of virology 2016 Jul 15;90(14):6489-6501
NSs Virulence Factor of Rift Valley Fever Virus Engages the F-Box Proteins FBXW11 and β-TRCP1 To Degrade the Antiviral Protein Kinase PKR.
Kainulainen M, Lau S, Samuel CE, Hornung V, Weber F
Journal of virology 2016 Jul 1;90(13):6140-7
Journal of virology 2016 Jul 1;90(13):6140-7
Infantile Cirrhosis, Growth Impairment, and Neurodevelopmental Anomalies Associated with Deficiency of PPP1R15B.
Mohammad S, Wolfe LA, Stöbe P, Biskup S, Wainwright MS, Melin-Aldana H, Malladi P, Muenke M, Gahl WA, Whitington PF
The Journal of pediatrics 2016 Dec;179:144-149.e2
The Journal of pediatrics 2016 Dec;179:144-149.e2
Stress Granule Induction after Brain Ischemia Is Independent of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor (eIF) 2α Phosphorylation and Is Correlated with a Decrease in eIF4B and eIF4E Proteins.
Ayuso MI, Martínez-Alonso E, Regidor I, Alcázar A
The Journal of biological chemistry 2016 Dec 30;291(53):27252-27264
The Journal of biological chemistry 2016 Dec 30;291(53):27252-27264
Perturbations in actin dynamics reconfigure protein complexes that modulate GCN2 activity and promote an eIF2 response.
Silva RC, Sattlegger E, Castilho BA
Journal of cell science 2016 Dec 15;129(24):4521-4533
Journal of cell science 2016 Dec 15;129(24):4521-4533
Ebola Virus Does Not Induce Stress Granule Formation during Infection and Sequesters Stress Granule Proteins within Viral Inclusions.
Nelson EV, Schmidt KM, Deflubé LR, Doğanay S, Banadyga L, Olejnik J, Hume AJ, Ryabchikova E, Ebihara H, Kedersha N, Ha T, Mühlberger E
Journal of virology 2016 Aug 15;90(16):7268-7284
Journal of virology 2016 Aug 15;90(16):7268-7284
The Gcn2 Regulator Yih1 Interacts with the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Cdc28 and Promotes Cell Cycle Progression through G2/M in Budding Yeast.
Silva RC, Dautel M, Di Genova BM, Amberg DC, Castilho BA, Sattlegger E
PloS one 2015;10(7):e0131070
PloS one 2015;10(7):e0131070
The impact of the phosphomimetic eIF2αS/D on global translation, reinitiation and the integrated stress response is attenuated in N2a cells.
Legrand N, Jaquier-Gubler P, Curran J
Nucleic acids research 2015 Sep 30;43(17):8392-404
Nucleic acids research 2015 Sep 30;43(17):8392-404
Stress-resistant Translation of Cathepsin L mRNA in Breast Cancer Progression.
Tholen M, Wolanski J, Stolze B, Chiabudini M, Gajda M, Bronsert P, Stickeler E, Rospert S, Reinheckel T
The Journal of biological chemistry 2015 Jun 19;290(25):15758-15769
The Journal of biological chemistry 2015 Jun 19;290(25):15758-15769
Impaired protein translation in Drosophila models for Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy caused by mutant tRNA synthetases.
Niehues S, Bussmann J, Steffes G, Erdmann I, Köhrer C, Sun L, Wagner M, Schäfer K, Wang G, Koerdt SN, Stum M, Jaiswal S, RajBhandary UL, Thomas U, Aberle H, Burgess RW, Yang XL, Dieterich D, Storkebaum E
Nature communications 2015 Jul 3;6:7520
Nature communications 2015 Jul 3;6:7520
The role of NOS-mediated ROS accumulation in an early phase Cu-induced acute cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells.
Zhong L, Wang L, Xu L, Liu Q, Jiang L, Zhi Y, Lu W, Zhou P
Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine 2015 Feb;28(1):113-22
Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine 2015 Feb;28(1):113-22
The small molecule ISRIB reverses the effects of eIF2α phosphorylation on translation and stress granule assembly.
Sidrauski C, McGeachy AM, Ingolia NT, Walter P
eLife 2015 Feb 26;4
eLife 2015 Feb 26;4
Identification of protein disulfide isomerase 1 as a key isomerase for disulfide bond formation in apolipoprotein B100.
Wang S, Park S, Kodali VK, Han J, Yip T, Chen Z, Davidson NO, Kaufman RJ
Molecular biology of the cell 2015 Feb 15;26(4):594-604
Molecular biology of the cell 2015 Feb 15;26(4):594-604
Hepatocyte Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Reduced Oxidase 4 Regulates Stress Signaling, Fibrosis, and Insulin Sensitivity During Development of Steatohepatitis in Mice.
Bettaieb A, Jiang JX, Sasaki Y, Chao TI, Kiss Z, Chen X, Tian J, Katsuyama M, Yabe-Nishimura C, Xi Y, Szyndralewiez C, Schröder K, Shah A, Brandes RP, Haj FG, Török NJ
Gastroenterology 2015 Aug;149(2):468-80.e10
Gastroenterology 2015 Aug;149(2):468-80.e10
Preventing proteostasis diseases by selective inhibition of a phosphatase regulatory subunit.
Das I, Krzyzosiak A, Schneider K, Wrabetz L, D'Antonio M, Barry N, Sigurdardottir A, Bertolotti A
Science (New York, N.Y.) 2015 Apr 10;348(6231):239-42
Science (New York, N.Y.) 2015 Apr 10;348(6231):239-42
An AUG codon conserved for protein function rather than translational initiation: the story of the protein sElk1.
Legrand N, Araud T, Conne B, Kuijpers O, Jaquier-Gubler P, Curran J
PloS one 2014;9(7):e102890
PloS one 2014;9(7):e102890
Mmu-miR-615-3p regulates lipoapoptosis by inhibiting C/EBP homologous protein.
Miyamoto Y, Mauer AS, Kumar S, Mott JL, Malhi H
PloS one 2014;9(10):e109637
PloS one 2014;9(10):e109637
Reporters transiently transfected into mammalian cells are highly sensitive to translational repression induced by dsRNA expression.
Nejepinska J, Malik R, Wagner S, Svoboda P
PloS one 2014;9(1):e87517
PloS one 2014;9(1):e87517
Crosstalk between the Tor and Gcn2 pathways in response to different stresses.
Rødland GE, Tvegård T, Boye E, Grallert B
Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 2014;13(3):453-61
Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 2014;13(3):453-61
The role of constitutive nitric-oxide synthase in ultraviolet B light-induced nuclear factor κB activity.
Tong L, Wu S
The Journal of biological chemistry 2014 Sep 19;289(38):26658-26668
The Journal of biological chemistry 2014 Sep 19;289(38):26658-26668
The role of nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway in the Zn-induced cellular responses in MCF-7 cells.
Zhong L, Wang L, Xu L, Liu Q, Jiang L, Zhi Y, Lu W, Zhou P
Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 2014 Nov;38(3):783-91
Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 2014 Nov;38(3):783-91
Interaction of Nck1 and PERK phosphorylated at Y⁵⁶¹ negatively modulates PERK activity and PERK regulation of pancreatic β-cell proinsulin content.
Yamani L, Latreille M, Larose L
Molecular biology of the cell 2014 Mar;25(5):702-11
Molecular biology of the cell 2014 Mar;25(5):702-11
The unfolded protein response and the phosphorylations of activating transcription factor 2 in the trans-activation of il23a promoter produced by β-glucans.
Rodríguez M, Domingo E, Alonso S, Frade JG, Eiros J, Crespo MS, Fernández N
The Journal of biological chemistry 2014 Aug 15;289(33):22942-22957
The Journal of biological chemistry 2014 Aug 15;289(33):22942-22957
PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase is necessary for lipogenic activation during HCMV infection.
Yu Y, Pierciey FJ Jr, Maguire TG, Alwine JC
PLoS pathogens 2013;9(4):e1003266
PLoS pathogens 2013;9(4):e1003266
PPM1l encodes an inositol requiring-protein 1 (IRE1) specific phosphatase that regulates the functional outcome of the ER stress response.
Lu G, Ota A, Ren S, Franklin S, Rau CD, Ping P, Lane TF, Zhou ZH, Reue K, Lusis AJ, Vondriska T, Wang Y
Molecular metabolism 2013;2(4):405-16
Molecular metabolism 2013;2(4):405-16
Suppression of eIF2α kinases alleviates Alzheimer's disease-related plasticity and memory deficits.
Ma T, Trinh MA, Wexler AJ, Bourbon C, Gatti E, Pierre P, Cavener DR, Klann E
Nature neuroscience 2013 Sep;16(9):1299-305
Nature neuroscience 2013 Sep;16(9):1299-305
Endoplasmic reticulum stress impairs IL-4/IL-13 signaling through C/EBPβ-mediated transcriptional suppression.
Arensdorf AM, Rutkowski DT
Journal of cell science 2013 Sep 1;126(Pt 17):4026-36
Journal of cell science 2013 Sep 1;126(Pt 17):4026-36
Receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1) homolog Cpc2 facilitates the general amino acid control response through Gcn2 kinase in fission yeast.
Tarumoto Y, Kanoh J, Ishikawa F
The Journal of biological chemistry 2013 Jun 28;288(26):19260-8
The Journal of biological chemistry 2013 Jun 28;288(26):19260-8
Translation initiation requires cell division cycle 123 (Cdc123) to facilitate biogenesis of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2).
Perzlmaier AF, Richter F, Seufert W
The Journal of biological chemistry 2013 Jul 26;288(30):21537-46
The Journal of biological chemistry 2013 Jul 26;288(30):21537-46
An upstream open reading frame modulates ebola virus polymerase translation and virus replication.
Shabman RS, Hoenen T, Groseth A, Jabado O, Binning JM, Amarasinghe GK, Feldmann H, Basler CF
PLoS pathogens 2013 Jan;9(1):e1003147
PLoS pathogens 2013 Jan;9(1):e1003147
C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) contributes to suppression of metabolic genes during endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver.
Chikka MR, McCabe DD, Tyra HM, Rutkowski DT
The Journal of biological chemistry 2013 Feb 8;288(6):4405-15
The Journal of biological chemistry 2013 Feb 8;288(6):4405-15
Mutual cross talk between the regulators Hac1 of the unfolded protein response and Gcn4 of the general amino acid control of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Herzog B, Popova B, Jakobshagen A, Shahpasandzadeh H, Braus GH
Eukaryotic cell 2013 Aug;12(8):1142-54
Eukaryotic cell 2013 Aug;12(8):1142-54
The infectious bursal disease virus RNA-binding VP3 polypeptide inhibits PKR-mediated apoptosis.
Busnadiego I, Maestre AM, Rodríguez D, Rodríguez JF
PloS one 2012;7(10):e46768
PloS one 2012;7(10):e46768
Accumulation of autophagosomes in Semliki Forest virus-infected cells is dependent on expression of the viral glycoproteins.
Eng KE, Panas MD, Murphy D, Karlsson Hedestam GB, McInerney GM
Journal of virology 2012 May;86(10):5674-85
Journal of virology 2012 May;86(10):5674-85
Murine cytomegalovirus targets transcription factor ATF4 to exploit the unfolded-protein response.
Qian Z, Xuan B, Chapa TJ, Gualberto N, Yu D
Journal of virology 2012 Jun;86(12):6712-23
Journal of virology 2012 Jun;86(12):6712-23
Induction of a G1-S checkpoint in fission yeast.
Bøe CA, Krohn M, Rødland GE, Capiaghi C, Maillard O, Thoma F, Boye E, Grallert B
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 Jun 19;109(25):9911-6
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2012 Jun 19;109(25):9911-6
A cellular response linking eIF4AI activity to eIF4AII transcription.
Galicia-Vázquez G, Cencic R, Robert F, Agenor AQ, Pelletier J
RNA (New York, N.Y.) 2012 Jul;18(7):1373-84
RNA (New York, N.Y.) 2012 Jul;18(7):1373-84
Herpes simplex virus-1 disarms the unfolded protein response in the early stages of infection.
Burnett HF, Audas TE, Liang G, Lu RR
Cell stress & chaperones 2012 Jul;17(4):473-83
Cell stress & chaperones 2012 Jul;17(4):473-83
The chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil promotes PKR-mediated apoptosis in a p53-independent manner in colon and breast cancer cells.
García MA, Carrasco E, Aguilera M, Alvarez P, Rivas C, Campos JM, Prados JC, Calleja MA, Esteban M, Marchal JA, Aránega A
PloS one 2011;6(8):e23887
PloS one 2011;6(8):e23887
Skeletal muscle amino acid transporter expression is increased in young and older adults following resistance exercise.
Drummond MJ, Fry CS, Glynn EL, Timmerman KL, Dickinson JM, Walker DK, Gundermann DM, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2011 Jul;111(1):135-42
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2011 Jul;111(1):135-42
Phosphorylation of eIF2 facilitates ribosomal bypass of an inhibitory upstream ORF to enhance CHOP translation.
Palam LR, Baird TD, Wek RC
The Journal of biological chemistry 2011 Apr 1;286(13):10939-49
The Journal of biological chemistry 2011 Apr 1;286(13):10939-49
Phosphorylation of eIF2α at serine 51 is an important determinant of cell survival and adaptation to glucose deficiency.
Muaddi H, Majumder M, Peidis P, Papadakis AI, Holcik M, Scheuner D, Kaufman RJ, Hatzoglou M, Koromilas AE
Molecular biology of the cell 2010 Sep 15;21(18):3220-31
Molecular biology of the cell 2010 Sep 15;21(18):3220-31
Translation control by protein kinase R restricts minute virus of mice infection: role in parvovirus oncolysis.
Ventoso I, Berlanga JJ, Almendral JM
Journal of virology 2010 May;84(10):5043-51
Journal of virology 2010 May;84(10):5043-51
Transgenic mouse and cell culture models demonstrate a lack of mechanistic connection between endoplasmic reticulum stress and tau dysfunction.
Spatara ML, Robinson AS
Journal of neuroscience research 2010 Jul;88(9):1951-61
Journal of neuroscience research 2010 Jul;88(9):1951-61
Methylation of ribosomal protein L42 regulates ribosomal function and stress-adapted cell growth.
Shirai A, Sadaie M, Shinmyozu K, Nakayama J
The Journal of biological chemistry 2010 Jul 16;285(29):22448-60
The Journal of biological chemistry 2010 Jul 16;285(29):22448-60
A crucial role for RACK1 in the regulation of glucose-stimulated IRE1alpha activation in pancreatic beta cells.
Qiu Y, Mao T, Zhang Y, Shao M, You J, Ding Q, Chen Y, Wu D, Xie D, Lin X, Gao X, Kaufman RJ, Li W, Liu Y
Science signaling 2010 Jan 26;3(106):ra7
Science signaling 2010 Jan 26;3(106):ra7
Ectopic expression of eIF2Bepsilon in rat skeletal muscle rescues the sepsis-induced reduction in guanine nucleotide exchange activity and protein synthesis.
Tuckow AP, Vary TC, Kimball SR, Jefferson LS
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2010 Aug;299(2):E241-8
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2010 Aug;299(2):E241-8
Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by aqueous extracts of cigarette smoke in 3T3 cells activates the unfolded-protein-response-dependent PERK pathway of cell survival.
Hengstermann A, Müller T
Free radical biology & medicine 2008 Mar 15;44(6):1097-107
Free radical biology & medicine 2008 Mar 15;44(6):1097-107
Phosphorylation of eIF2 directs ATF5 translational control in response to diverse stress conditions.
Zhou D, Palam LR, Jiang L, Narasimhan J, Staschke KA, Wek RC
The Journal of biological chemistry 2008 Mar 14;283(11):7064-73
The Journal of biological chemistry 2008 Mar 14;283(11):7064-73
Dephosphorylation of translation initiation factor 2alpha enhances glucose tolerance and attenuates hepatosteatosis in mice.
Oyadomari S, Harding HP, Zhang Y, Oyadomari M, Ron D
Cell metabolism 2008 Jun;7(6):520-32
Cell metabolism 2008 Jun;7(6):520-32
Preserved protein synthesis in the heart in response to acute fasting and chronic food restriction despite reductions in liver and skeletal muscle.
Yuan CL, Sharma N, Gilge DA, Stanley WC, Li Y, Hatzoglou M, Previs SF
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2008 Jul;295(1):E216-22
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2008 Jul;295(1):E216-22
An intact unfolded protein response in Trpt1 knockout mice reveals phylogenic divergence in pathways for RNA ligation.
Harding HP, Lackey JG, Hsu HC, Zhang Y, Deng J, Xu RM, Damha MJ, Ron D
RNA (New York, N.Y.) 2008 Feb;14(2):225-32
RNA (New York, N.Y.) 2008 Feb;14(2):225-32
Differential control of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) products liver-enriched transcriptional activating protein (LAP) and liver-enriched transcriptional inhibitory protein (LIP) and the regulation of gene expression during the response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Li Y, Bevilacqua E, Chiribau CB, Majumder M, Wang C, Croniger CM, Snider MD, Johnson PF, Hatzoglou M
The Journal of biological chemistry 2008 Aug 15;283(33):22443-56
The Journal of biological chemistry 2008 Aug 15;283(33):22443-56
The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase mediates radiation resistance in mouse embryo fibroblasts through nuclear factor kappaB and Akt activation.
von Holzen U, Pataer A, Raju U, Bocangel D, Vorburger SA, Liu Y, Lu X, Roth JA, Aggarwal BB, Barber GN, Keyomarsi K, Hunt KK, Swisher SG
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 2007 Oct 15;13(20):6032-9
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 2007 Oct 15;13(20):6032-9
Enhanced antiglioma activity of chimeric HCMV/HSV-1 oncolytic viruses.
Shah AC, Parker JN, Gillespie GY, Lakeman FD, Meleth S, Markert JM, Cassady KA
Gene therapy 2007 Jul;14(13):1045-54
Gene therapy 2007 Jul;14(13):1045-54
The eukaryotic initiation factor-2 kinase pathway facilitates differential GADD45a expression in response to environmental stress.
Jiang HY, Jiang L, Wek RC
The Journal of biological chemistry 2007 Feb 9;282(6):3755-65
The Journal of biological chemistry 2007 Feb 9;282(6):3755-65
Hippocampal cellular stress responses after global brain ischemia and reperfusion.
Roberts GG, Di Loreto MJ, Marshall M, Wang J, DeGracia DJ
Antioxidants & redox signaling 2007 Dec;9(12):2265-75
Antioxidants & redox signaling 2007 Dec;9(12):2265-75
Impaired dexamethasone-mediated induction of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in heme-deficient rat hepatocytes: translational control by a hepatic eIF2alpha kinase, the heme-regulated inhibitor.
Liao M, Pabarcus MK, Wang Y, Hefner C, Maltby DA, Medzihradszky KF, Salas-Castillo SP, Yan J, Maher JJ, Correia MA
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 2007 Dec;323(3):979-89
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 2007 Dec;323(3):979-89
Minimizing off-target effects by using diced siRNAs for RNA interference.
Myers JW, Chi JT, Gong D, Schaner ME, Brown PO, Ferrell JE
Journal of RNAi and gene silencing : an international journal of RNA and gene targeting research 2006 Jul 17;2(2):181-94
Journal of RNAi and gene silencing : an international journal of RNA and gene targeting research 2006 Jul 17;2(2):181-94
Mechanistic link between PKR dimerization, autophosphorylation, and eIF2alpha substrate recognition.
Dey M, Cao C, Dar AC, Tamura T, Ozato K, Sicheri F, Dever TE
Cell 2005 Sep 23;122(6):901-13
Cell 2005 Sep 23;122(6):901-13
Human cytomegalovirus TRS1 and IRS1 gene products block the double-stranded-RNA-activated host protein shutoff response induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 infection.
Cassady KA
Journal of virology 2005 Jul;79(14):8707-15
Journal of virology 2005 Jul;79(14):8707-15
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD34 targets protein phosphatase 1 alpha to the endoplasmic reticulum and promotes dephosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2.
Brush MH, Weiser DC, Shenolikar S
Molecular and cellular biology 2003 Feb;23(4):1292-303
Molecular and cellular biology 2003 Feb;23(4):1292-303
The PERK eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha kinase is required for the development of the skeletal system, postnatal growth, and the function and viability of the pancreas.
Zhang P, McGrath B, Li S, Frank A, Zambito F, Reinert J, Gannon M, Ma K, McNaughton K, Cavener DR
Molecular and cellular biology 2002 Jun;22(11):3864-74
Molecular and cellular biology 2002 Jun;22(11):3864-74
The PERK eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha kinase is required for the development of the skeletal system, postnatal growth, and the function and viability of the pancreas.
Zhang P, McGrath B, Li S, Frank A, Zambito F, Reinert J, Gannon M, Ma K, McNaughton K, Cavener DR
Molecular and cellular biology 2002 Jun;22(11):3864-74
Molecular and cellular biology 2002 Jun;22(11):3864-74
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Supportive validation
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- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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- Rabbit anti eIF2alpha (pS52) phosphospecific polyclonal antibody. Left: Image shows immunocytochemical analysis of eIF2alpha (pS52) in rat brain (mediodorsal neocortex) sections following traumatic axonal injury (TAI) (24 h). Control (prior to injury induction) shows low basal levels of eIF2alpha (pS52) (see inset). Right: Image shows double labeling of APP (red) and eIF2alpha (pS52) (green) in neurons subjected to traumatic axonal injury (TAI). Inset (above): higher magnification of neuronal soma with TAI. eIF2alpha (pS52) immunofluorescence is localized in cytoplasm of neuronal cell body. (Singleton, R.H., et al. (2002) J. Neurosci. 22 (3):791-802.)
- Submitted by
- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Rabbit anti eIF2alpha (pS52) phosphospecific polyclonal antibody. Left: Image shows immunocytochemical analysis of eIF2alpha (pS52) in rat brain (mediodorsal neocortex) sections following traumatic axonal injury (TAI) (24 h). Control (prior to injury induction) shows low basal levels of eIF2alpha (pS52) (see inset). Right: Image shows double labeling of APP (red) and eIF2alpha (pS52) (green) in neurons subjected to traumatic axonal injury (TAI). Inset (above): higher magnification of neuronal soma with TAI. eIF2alpha (pS52) immunofluorescence is localized in cytoplasm of neuronal cell body. (Singleton, R.H., et al. (2002) J. Neurosci. 22 (3):791-802.)
- Submitted by
- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
- Main image
- Experimental details
- Rabbit anti eIF2alpha (pS52) phosphospecific polyclonal antibody. Left: Image shows immunocytochemical analysis of eIF2alpha (pS52) in rat brain (mediodorsal neocortex) sections following traumatic axonal injury (TAI) (24 h). Control (prior to injury induction) shows low basal levels of eIF2alpha (pS52) (see inset). Right: Image shows double labeling of APP (red) and eIF2alpha (pS52) (green) in neurons subjected to traumatic axonal injury (TAI). Inset (above): higher magnification of neuronal soma with TAI. eIF2alpha (pS52) immunofluorescence is localized in cytoplasm of neuronal cell body. (Singleton, R.H., et al. (2002) J. Neurosci. 22 (3):791-802.)
Supportive validation
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- Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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- Experimental details
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- Main image
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- Figure 1. Glucose deficiency induces eIF2alpha phosphorylation in human tumors. HT1080 cells (A) and A549 cells (B) were maintained in media containing glucose (Con; A, B), media lacking glucose (-Gluc; A) or in media containing glucose supplemented with 50 mM 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG; B) for the indicated times. (A and B) Whole cell extract (50 mug of protein) was used for immunoblot analysis with anti-eIF2alpha-pSer51 antibody (a), anti-eIF2alpha antibody (b), anti-BiP/GRP78 antibody (c), anti-tubulin antibody (Ad) or anti-actin antibody (Bd). The ratio of phosphorylated to total protein of eIF2alpha is indicated (a/b). Quantification of protein bands was performed by densitometry using Scion Image from NIH. The data represent one of three reproducible experiments. The ratio was set to 1 for each time point control (untreated).
