PA1-933

antibody from Invitrogen Antibodies

Targeting: PVALB D22S749

Provider product page for PA1-933

Western blot

ELISA

Immunocytochemistry

Immunoprecipitation

Immunohistochemistry

Other assay

Antibody data

Antibody Data
Antigen structure
References [31]
Comments [0]
Validations
Immunocytochemistry [4]
Other assay [18]

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Product number: PA1-933 - Provider product page
Provider: Invitrogen Antibodies
Product name: Parvalbumin Polyclonal Antibody
Antibody type: Polyclonal
Antigen: Purifed from natural sources
Description: PA1-933 detects parvalbumin protein in human and rat samples. PA1-933 has successfully been used in Western blot, ELISA, immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemical procedures. By Western blot, this antibody detects a 12 kDa protein representing parvalbumin from rat cerebellum. Parvalbumin protein is relatively small and, therefore, it is recommended that the electrophoresis be performed using tricine-SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to a nylon membrane. The PA1-933 immunizing protein corresponds to purified parvalbumin from rat skeletal muscle. Reconstitute in 100 µL PBS to create a stock of 1 mg/mL.
Reactivity: Human, Rat
Host: Rabbit
Isotype: IgG
Vial size: 100 µg
Concentration: 1 mg/mL
Storage: -20° C, Avoid Freeze/Thaw Cycles

PVALB protein structure - PA1-933 shown in red.

Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Experimental details: Immunofluorescent analysis of Parvalbumin using Anti-Parvalbumin Polyclonal Antibody (Product # PA1-933) shows staining in C6 Cells. Parvalbumin staining (green), F-Actin staining with Phalloidin (red) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) is shown. Cells were grown on chamber slides and fixed with formaldehyde prior to staining. Cells were probed without (control) or with or an antibody recognizing Parvalbumin (Product # PA1-933) at a dilution of 1:100 over night at 4°C, washed with PBS and incubated with a DyLight-488 conjugated secondary antibody (Product # 35552, Goat Anti-Rabbit). Images were taken at 60X magnification.

Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Experimental details: Immunofluorescent analysis of Parvalbumin using Anti-Parvalbumin Polyclonal Antibody (Product # PA1-933) shows staining in Hela Cells. Parvalbumin staining (green), F-Actin staining with Phalloidin (red) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) is shown. Cells were grown on chamber slides and fixed with formaldehyde prior to staining. Cells were probed without (control) or with or an antibody recognizing Parvalbumin (Product # PA1-933) at a dilution of 1:100 over night at 4°C, washed with PBS and incubated with a DyLight-488 conjugated secondary antibody (Product # 35552, Goat Anti-Rabbit). Images were taken at 60X magnification.

Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Experimental details: Immunofluorescent analysis of Parvalbumin using Anti-Parvalbumin Polyclonal Antibody (Product # PA1-933) shows staining in U251 Cells. Parvalbumin staining (green), F-Actin staining with Phalloidin (red) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) is shown. Cells were grown on chamber slides and fixed with formaldehyde prior to staining. Cells were probed without (control) or with or an antibody recognizing Parvalbumin (Product # PA1-933) at a dilution of 1:200 over night at 4°C, washed with PBS and incubated with a DyLight-488 conjugated secondary antibody (Product # 35552, Goat Anti-Rabbit). Images were taken at 60X magnification.

Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Experimental details: Immunofluorescent analysis of MAP2 (green) and parvalbumin (red) on rat primary Hippocampal neurons (E18) (Product # A15587) cultured for 28 days in the B-27 Plus Neuronal Culture System (Product # A3653401). At day 28 the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, permeabilized with 0.1% triton x-100 for 30min, and blocked with 1% BSA for 30 min at room temperature. Cells were stained with anti-parvalbumin antibody (Product # PA1-933) at a dilution of 1:200, and anti-MAP2 (Product # 13-1500) at a dilution of1:4000, in 1% BSA staining buffer, overnight at 4C, and then incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated donkey anti-rabbit (Product # A-21206) and Alexa Fluor 594 donkey anti-mouse (Product # A-21203) antibodies at a dilution of 1:1000 for 30 min. at room temp. Wash 3 times with DPBS. Stain with DAPI for nucleus.

Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Experimental details: Figure 1 Anti-calbindin 1, anti-parvalbumin, and anti-calbindin 2 immunoreactivity in the nervous system of Holothuria glaberrima (Holothuroidea). Transverse sections through the radial nerve cords showing immunoreactivity to anti-calbindin 1 (A), anti-parvalbumin (B), and anti-calbindin 2 (C) in the ectoneural and hyponeural components of the radial nerve. Double-labeling of anti-calbindin 1 (D) and RN1 (G), anti-parvalbumin (E) and RN1 (H), and anti-calbindin 2 (F) and RN1 (I) in cells (arrows) and fibers of the connective tissue plexus of the tube feet. Co-labeling is observed with the anti-CBPs markers and RN1 in the majority of the fibers, but not in all (arrowheads). ern, ectoneural component of the radial nerve cord; hrn, hyponeural component of the radial nerve cord; *, ectoneural component cell bodies; **, hyponeural component cell bodies.

Supportive validation

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Experimental details: Figure 4 Anti-calbindin 1, anti-parvalbumin, and anti-calbindin 2 immunoreactivity in the podial nervous system of Holothuria glaberrima (Holothuroidea). Longitudinal and transverse sections through the tube feet showing immunoreactivity to anti-calbindin 1 (A,D,G,M), anti-parvalbumin (B,E,I,N), and anti-calbindin 2 (C,F,K,O) in the different subdivisions of the podial nervous system. (A-F) Immunoreactivity was observed with all markers in the podial nerve (arrows) and in the podial cylindrical fenestrated sheath (arrowheads). (G-L) Co-labeling of anti-calbindin 1 (G) and RN1 (H), anti-parvalbumin (I) and RN1 (J), and anti-calbindin 2 (K) and RN1 (L) was observed in fibers and cells (arrows) of the connective tissue plexus. (M-O) Anti-calbindin 1 (M), anti-parvalbumin (N), and anti-calbindin 2 (O) immunoreactivity was also present in the nerve plate of the tube feet's disk. Al, ambulacral lumen; ctp, connective tissue plexus; icc, inner cluster of cells; me, mesothelium; np, nerve plate; occ, outer cluster of cells.

Supportive validation

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Experimental details: Figure 7 Western blot of holothurian and echinoid radial nerve cords preparations using anti-calbindin 1 and anti-parvalbumin. (A) A 32 kDa immunoreactive band to anti-calbindin 1 was observed in H. glaberrima and L. variegatus radial nerve cords homogenates. A 28 kDa immunoreactive band corresponding to calbindin 1 was observed in the rat kidney positive control and no immunoreactive bands were observed in the synthetic peptide of an EF-hand domain-containing protein negative control. (B) A 32 kDa immunoreactive band to anti-calbindin 1 was observed in H. glaberrima and L. variegatus radial nerve cords homogenates. A 12 kDa major immunoreactive band corresponding to calbindin 1 was observed in the rat skeletal muscle positive control and no immunoreactive bands were observed in the synthetic peptide of an EF-hand domain-containing protein negative control.

Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Experimental details: Figure 2 Anti-calbindin 1, anti-parvalbumin, and anti-calbindin 2 immunoreactivity in the peripheral nerve and circular muscle of Holothuria glaberrima (Holothuroidea). Longitudinal sections through the body wall showing colabeling of anti-calbindin 1 (A) and RN1 (D), anti-parvalbumin (B) and RN1 (E), and anti-calbindin 2 (C) and RN1 (F). Most of the immunoreactivity was observed in the peripheral nerves (arrowheads), while only a minor supopulations of fibers were co-labeled by the anti-CBP and RN1 (arrows).

Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Experimental details: Figure 3 Anti-calbindin 1, anti-parvalbumin, and anti-calbindin 2 immunoreactivity in the body wall nervous system of Holothuria glaberrima (Holothuroidea). Longitudinal sections through the body wall showing immunoreactivity to anti-calbindin 1 (A,E,I), anti-parvalbumin (B,F,J), and anti-calbindin 2 (C,G,K) as compared to RN1 (D,H,L) immunoreactivity in the different layers of the body wall. Immunoreactivity of the internal connective tissue plexus (A-D), external connective tissue (E-H) and epidermis (I-L) showed that the anti-CBP only labeled a minor subpopulation of fibers and cells within these plexi, as compared to RN1 which labeled a large subpopulations of cells and fibers of the body wall nervous system.

Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Experimental details: Figure 8 Identification of calbindin-D32k as the anti-calbindin 1 and anti-parvalbumin epitope in echinoderms. (A) Sequence alignment of H. glaberrima calbindin-D32k fragment (Calb32_Hg) and S. purpuratus calbindin-D32k isoform 1 (Calb32(1)_Sp) and isoform 2 (Calb32(2)_Sp), showing a high degree of homology. Alignment of the proteins was made using the CLUSTALW multiple sequences alignment. Dark gray represent conserved residues, light gray represent conservation of strong groups, and black lines below the residues represents the presence of an EF hand domain. (B) A 36 kDa immunoreactive band to anti-calbindin 1 and anti-parvalbumin was observed in the H. glaberrima GST-tagged calbindin-D32k fragment peptide (Calb32_Hg), and no immunoreactive band to anti-calbindin 1 and anti-parvalbumin was observed in the negative control, GST-tagged translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP).

Supportive validation

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Experimental details: FIGURE 1 Differential Effects of BLOC-1 Complex Mutations in the Number of Parvalbumin-Positive Neurons. Hippocampal sections from wild type, Bloc1s8 sdy/sdy , Bloc1s5 mu/mu , and Bloc1s6 pa/pa postnatal day 50 adults were stained with antibodies against parvalbumin and imaged by confocal microscopy. (A) Depicts sections of the dentate gyrus and CA1 (upper panels) and the CA3 area (bottom panels) for four genotypes. (B) Depicts quantitation of the number of parvalbumin positive cells per section in each one of the genotypes. Cell counts were performed blind to the genotype of the animal. Wild type ( n = 9), Bloc1s8 sdy/sdy ( n = 7), Bloc1s5 mu/mu ( n = 7), and Bloc1s6 pa/pa ( n = 6) hippocampi analyzed. One Way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's Multiple Comparison.

Supportive validation

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Experimental details: FIGURE 4 TNF-alpha infusion and noise exposure synergistically induced PV+ neuron loss. (A) Representative images of PV+ neurons stained with a parvalbumin antibody. (B) PV+ neuron density was reduced only in mice that had received both noise exposure and TNF-alpha infusion. All data are presented as mean +- SEM. ** indicates p < 0.01.

Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Experimental details: Figure 1 PV interneurons in AD mice (6-month-old adult and 11-month-old aged) and wild type. ( A ) Representative PV and NeuN immunohistochemical stains of the hippocampus CA3-CA1 region (original magnification, x40) (scale bar = 500 mum). ( B ) Representative PV immunohistochemical stains of the hippocampus of 6-month-old (adult) WT ( n = 6) and 5xFAD ( n = 6) mice. PV-positive interneurons are shown in the hippocampus at a closer distance from CA1a-b (original magnification, x 200, pointed by arrowheads) and CA3 (original magnification, x200) (scale bar = 200 mum). ( C ) Representative PV immunohistochemical stains of the hippocampus of 11-month-old (aged) WT ( n = 6) and 5xFAD ( n = 6) mice. ( D ) Representative NeuN immunohistochemical stains of the hippocampi of 6-month-old (adult) WT ( n = 6) and 5xFAD ( n = 6) mice. NeuN-positive cells are shown in the hippocampus at a closer distance from CA1a-b (original magnification, x200, stained cells) and CA3 (original magnification, x200) (scale bar = 200 mum). ( E ) Representative NeuN immunohistochemical stains of the hippocampus of 11-month-old (aged) WT ( n = 6) and 5xFAD ( n = 6) mice. ( F ) The ratio of PV-positive cells to NeuN-positive cells in adult and aged 5xFAD mice (*, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.0001 compared with the indicated group using unpaired t -test). AD, Alzheimer's disease; PV, parvalbumin; INs, interneurons; NeuN, neuronal nuclei; CA, cornu ammonis; TG, transgenic; WT, wild-type.

Supportive validation

Submitted by: Invitrogen Antibodies (provider)
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Experimental details: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246844.g004 Fig 4 alms1 mutant larvae are not resistant to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death. (A) Dose-response curve for wild-type siblings and alms1 mutants from an incross of heterozygous parents treated with 0-400 muM neomycin for 30 minutes with a one-hour recovery time. n = 7-19 fish per neomycin dose for homozygous wild-type and mutants and 20-25 for heterozygous fish. There were no significant differences due to genotype (p = 0.1273) or the interaction between genotype and neomycin (p = 0.3939) by two-way ANOVA. (B) Dose-response curve for fish that were either heterozygous or homozygous for the alms1 mutation from mothers also either heterozygous or homozygous for the alms1 mutation treated with 0-200 muM neomycin for 30 minutes with a one-hour recovery time. M = maternal genotype and Z = zygotic genotype. n = 7-16 fish per neomycin dose for each genotype. There were no significant differences due to genotype (p = 0.8060) or the interaction between genotype and neomycin (p = 0.2024) by two-way ANOVA. (C) Dose-response curve for wild-type siblings and alms1 mutants from parents heterozygous for the alms1 mutation treated with 0-200 muM gentamicin for 6 hours. n = 10-14 fish per gentamicin dose for homozygous wild-type and mutants and 21-25 for heterozygous fish. There were no significant differences due to genotype (p = 0.9401) or the interaction between genotype and neomycin (p = 0.2850) by two-way ANOVA. Data are shown as mean +/- standard

Supportive validation

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Experimental details: Figure 8 Correlating multiple labels with CaBPs can help reveal individual differences between antibodies and GC identity. Panel ( a ) shows the parvalbumin-tdTomato (PV-tdT) GMO mouse retina with CaB, CaR, and NeuN labeling (composite image on the left and split into four channels on the right--all colors correspond to the label above). Panel ( b ) displays the comparison between PV-tdT, rabbit-PV (rPV), and chicken-PV (ckPV) antibody-labeling performed on the same retina. ( c ) A histogram profile, acquired from the dashed area in b shows a variance in normalized relative intensities of the PV-tdT (GMO, red) and r- (green), ckPV (blue) labels. ( d ) ON and OFF GCs (ganglion cells) are brightly labeled with SMI32 (arrows) but not by CaR. CaR, on the other hand, labels smaller GCs not labeled by SMI32. Neurons and vascular cells are all labeled with the fluoro-Nissl stain Neurotrace-640/660 (NT).

Supportive validation

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Experimental details: Figure 1 Cadmium kills hair cells in zebrafish larvae in a dose-dependent manner. (A) Treating 5-days post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish with cadmium chloride doses ranging from 0 to 120 muM for 3 h showed an increasing amount of hair cell death with increasing cadmium chloride dose. Data are displayed as mean +- standard deviation. **** p < 0.0001 as compared to 0 muM cadmium chloride control by ANOVA and Dunnett's post hoc test. Fish were fixed and stained with an anti-parvalbumin antibody and hair cells from six neuromasts from each fish were counted (OP1, M2, IO4, O2, MI2, and MI1) and averaged. n = 10 fish for the 0, 15, 60 and 120 muM cadmium chloride groups and n = 7 for the 30 muM cadmium chloride group. (B) Representative images of the MI1 neuromast following treatment with either 0 (left) or 60 (right) muM cadmium chloride.

Supportive validation

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Experimental details: Figure 4 Strain differences in noise-induced PV+ neuron loss. ( A ) Example images of PV+ neurons in AI of the right hemisphere, which is delimited with white dashed lines. ( B ) The density of PV+ neurons was significantly reduced in the right AI of C57BL/6 but not FVB mice 5 days after noise exposure. ( C ) The reduction of PV+ neuron density was not observed in lateral area of the secondary visual cortex (V2L). ( D ) The density of SOM+ neurons was not significantly altered in AI of C57BL/6 or FVB mice 5 days after noise exposure.