Antibody data
- Antibody Data
- Antigen structure
- References [48]
- Comments [0]
- Validations
- Flow cytometry [1]
- Other assay [41]
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- Product number
- 45-0149-41 - Provider product page
- Provider
- Invitrogen Antibodies
- Product name
- CD14 Monoclonal Antibody (61D3), PerCP-Cyanine5.5, eBioscience™
- Antibody type
- Monoclonal
- Antigen
- Other
- Description
- Description: The 61D3 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD14, a 53-55 kDa GPI-linked glycoprotein. CD14 is expressed on monocytes, interfollicular macrophages and some dendritic cells. Complexes of LPS and LBP (LPS-Binding Protein) bind with high affinity to monocytes through the surface CD14. Applications Reported: This 61D3 antibody has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis. Applications Tested: This 61D3 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. This can be used at 5 µL (0.5 µg) per test. A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. Cell number should be determined empirically but can range from 10^5 to 10^8 cells/test. Light sensitivity: This tandem dye is sensitive to photo-induced oxidation. Please protect this vial and stained samples from light. Fixation: Samples can be stored in IC Fixation Buffer (Product # 00-822-49) (100 µL of cell sample + 100 µL of IC Fixation Buffer) or 1-step Fix/Lyse Solution (Product # 00-5333-54) for up to 3 days in the dark at 4°C with minimal impact on brightness and FRET efficiency/compensation. Some generalizations regarding fluorophore performance after fixation can be made, but clone specific performance should be determined empirically. Excitation: 488 nm; Emission: 695 nm; Laser: Blue Laser. Filtration: 0.2 µm post-manufacturing filtered.
- Reactivity
- Human
- Host
- Mouse
- Isotype
- IgG
- Antibody clone number
- 61D3
- Vial size
- 25 Tests
- Concentration
- 5 µL/Test
- Storage
- 4° C, store in dark, DO NOT FREEZE!
Submitted references Potently neutralizing and protective anti-human metapneumovirus antibodies target diverse sites on the fusion glycoprotein.
SARS-CoV-2 infection paralyzes cytotoxic and metabolic functions of the immune cells.
Prolonged evolution of the human B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
GPR120 induces regulatory dendritic cells by inhibiting HK2-dependent glycolysis to alleviate fulminant hepatic failure.
Differentiation Potential of Early- and Late-Passage Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured under Hypoxia and Normoxia.
MiR-103 protects from recurrent spontaneous abortion via inhibiting STAT1 mediated M1 macrophage polarization.
Chemerin enhances the adhesion and migration of human endothelial progenitor cells and increases lipid accumulation in mice with atherosclerosis.
The long non-coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility 15 (CASC15) is induced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and maintains an immature phenotype in adult acute myeloid leukemia.
A functional antibody cross-reactive to both human and murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 via binding to an N-glycosylation epitope.
Environmental arginine controls multinuclear giant cell metabolism and formation.
Defining the emergence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in breast cancer using single-cell transcriptomics.
Patient iPSC-Derived Macrophages to Study Inborn Errors of the IFN-γ Responsive Pathway.
Gene expression network analyses during infection with virulent and avirulent Trypanosoma cruzi strains unveil a role for fibroblasts in neutrophil recruitment and activation.
Progranulin prevents regulatory NK cell cytotoxicity against antiviral T cells.
NLRP3 inflammasome expression in peripheral blood monocytes of coronary heart disease patients and its modulation by rosuvastatin.
Characterizing the Role of Monocytes in T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy Using a 3D Microfluidic Model.
Exosomal transfer of mitochondria from airway myeloid-derived regulatory cells to T cells.
Butyrate upregulates the TLR4 expression and the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NK-κB in colon cancer cell in vitro.
Fingolimod reduces circulating tight-junction protein levels and in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells migration in multiple sclerosis patients.
Cellular metabolism constrains innate immune responses in early human ontogeny.
AURKA Suppresses Leukemic THP-1 Cell Differentiation through Inhibition of the KDM6B Pathway.
Impaired efferocytosis by monocytes in multiple myeloma.
Comprehensive characterization of chorionic villi-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from human placenta.
The pro-inflammatory phenotype of the human non-classical monocyte subset is attributed to senescence.
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate the enteropathy of food allergies in mice.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve the reserve function of perimenopausal ovary via a paracrine mechanism.
Eomesodermin and T-bet mark developmentally distinct human natural killer cells.
A therapeutic T cell receptor mimic antibody targets tumor-associated PRAME peptide/HLA-I antigens.
TLR2 activation induces antioxidant defence in human monocyte-macrophage cell line models.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with high-level inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) expression on lung regulatory T cells--possible implications for the ICOS/ICOS-ligand axis in disease course and resolution.
Thrombomodulin regulates monocye differentiation via PKCδ and ERK1/2 pathway in vitro and in atherosclerotic artery.
An in vitro model of granuloma-like cell aggregates substantiates early host immune responses against Mycobacterium massiliense infection.
Investigating the causes for decreased levels of glutathione in individuals with type II diabetes.
Liposomal Glutathione Supplementation Restores TH1 Cytokine Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in HIV-Infected Individuals.
STK4 regulates TLR pathways and protects against chronic inflammation-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
A novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting SAIL for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Correlation of low CD73 expression on synovial lymphocytes with reduced adenosine generation and higher disease severity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Circulating microparticles carry oxidation-specific epitopes and are recognized by natural IgM antibodies.
Biologically active polymers from spontaneous carotenoid oxidation: a new frontier in carotenoid activity.
Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids shapes gene expression and modulates innate and adaptive activation pathways in macrophages with distinct changes in leukocyte attraction.
Human mesenchymal stem cells possess different biological characteristics but do not change their therapeutic potential when cultured in serum free medium.
Noncanonical dendritic cell differentiation and survival driven by a bacteremic pathogen.
Leptin up-regulates TLR2 in human monocytes.
Negative regulation of JAK2 by H3K9 methyltransferase G9a in leukemia.
Induction of autophagy is essential for monocyte-macrophage differentiation.
Upregulation of programmed death-1 on T cells and programmed death ligand-1 on monocytes in septic shock patients.
Ro60-associated single-stranded RNA links inflammation with fetal cardiac fibrosis via ligation of TLRs: a novel pathway to autoimmune-associated heart block.
B cells and monocytes from patients with active multiple sclerosis exhibit increased surface expression of both HERV-H Env and HERV-W Env, accompanied by increased seroreactivity.
Rappazzo CG, Hsieh CL, Rush SA, Esterman ES, Delgado T, Geoghegan JC, Wec AZ, Sakharkar M, Más V, McLellan JS, Walker LM
Immunity 2022 Sep 13;55(9):1710-1724.e8
Immunity 2022 Sep 13;55(9):1710-1724.e8
SARS-CoV-2 infection paralyzes cytotoxic and metabolic functions of the immune cells.
Singh Y, Trautwein C, Fendel R, Krickeberg N, Berezhnoy G, Bissinger R, Ossowski S, Salker MS, Casadei N, Riess O, Deutsche COVID-19 OMICS Initiate (DeCOI)
Heliyon 2021 Jun;7(6):e07147
Heliyon 2021 Jun;7(6):e07147
Prolonged evolution of the human B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Sakharkar M, Rappazzo CG, Wieland-Alter WF, Hsieh CL, Wrapp D, Esterman ES, Kaku CI, Wec AZ, Geoghegan JC, McLellan JS, Connor RI, Wright PF, Walker LM
Science immunology 2021 Feb 23;6(56)
Science immunology 2021 Feb 23;6(56)
GPR120 induces regulatory dendritic cells by inhibiting HK2-dependent glycolysis to alleviate fulminant hepatic failure.
Yu H, Yang W, Huang J, Miao X, Wang B, Ren X, Gu Y, Wang Q, Ding X, Guo X, Qian F, Zhang Y, Xu H, Zheng L, Jin M
Cell death & disease 2021 Dec 16;13(1):1
Cell death & disease 2021 Dec 16;13(1):1
Differentiation Potential of Early- and Late-Passage Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured under Hypoxia and Normoxia.
Zhao AG, Shah K, Freitag J, Cromer B, Sumer H
Stem cells international 2020;2020:8898221
Stem cells international 2020;2020:8898221
MiR-103 protects from recurrent spontaneous abortion via inhibiting STAT1 mediated M1 macrophage polarization.
Zhu X, Liu H, Zhang Z, Wei R, Zhou X, Wang Z, Zhao L, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Chu C, Wang L, Li X
International journal of biological sciences 2020;16(12):2248-2264
International journal of biological sciences 2020;16(12):2248-2264
Chemerin enhances the adhesion and migration of human endothelial progenitor cells and increases lipid accumulation in mice with atherosclerosis.
Jia J, Yu F, Xiong Y, Wei W, Ma H, Nisi F, Song X, Yang L, Wang D, Yuan G, Zhou H
Lipids in health and disease 2020 Sep 20;19(1):207
Lipids in health and disease 2020 Sep 20;19(1):207
The long non-coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility 15 (CASC15) is induced by isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and maintains an immature phenotype in adult acute myeloid leukemia.
Grasedieck S, Ruess C, Krowiorz K, Lux S, Pochert N, Schwarzer A, Klusmann JH, Jongen-Lavrencic M, Herold T, Bullinger L, Pollack JR, Rouhi A, Kuchenbauer F
Haematologica 2020 Sep 1;105(9):e448-453
Haematologica 2020 Sep 1;105(9):e448-453
A functional antibody cross-reactive to both human and murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 via binding to an N-glycosylation epitope.
Li D, Li J, Chu H, Wang Z
mAbs 2020 Jan-Dec;12(1):1725365
mAbs 2020 Jan-Dec;12(1):1725365
Environmental arginine controls multinuclear giant cell metabolism and formation.
Brunner JS, Vulliard L, Hofmann M, Kieler M, Lercher A, Vogel A, Russier M, Brüggenthies JB, Kerndl M, Saferding V, Niederreiter B, Junza A, Frauenstein A, Scholtysek C, Mikami Y, Klavins K, Krönke G, Bergthaler A, O'Shea JJ, Weichhart T, Meissner F, Smolen JS, Cheng P, Yanes O, Menche J, Murray PJ, Sharif O, Blüml S, Schabbauer G
Nature communications 2020 Jan 22;11(1):431
Nature communications 2020 Jan 22;11(1):431
Defining the emergence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in breast cancer using single-cell transcriptomics.
Alshetaiwi H, Pervolarakis N, McIntyre LL, Ma D, Nguyen Q, Rath JA, Nee K, Hernandez G, Evans K, Torosian L, Silva A, Walsh C, Kessenbrock K
Science immunology 2020 Feb 21;5(44)
Science immunology 2020 Feb 21;5(44)
Patient iPSC-Derived Macrophages to Study Inborn Errors of the IFN-γ Responsive Pathway.
Haake K, Neehus AL, Buchegger T, Kühnel MP, Blank P, Philipp F, Oleaga-Quintas C, Schulz A, Grimley M, Goethe R, Jonigk D, Kalinke U, Boisson-Dupuis S, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Lachmann N
Cells 2020 Feb 19;9(2)
Cells 2020 Feb 19;9(2)
Gene expression network analyses during infection with virulent and avirulent Trypanosoma cruzi strains unveil a role for fibroblasts in neutrophil recruitment and activation.
Oliveira AER, Pereira MCA, Belew AT, Ferreira LRP, Pereira LMN, Neves EGA, Nunes MDCP, Burleigh BA, Dutra WO, El-Sayed NM, Gazzinelli RT, Teixeira SMR
PLoS pathogens 2020 Aug;16(8):e1008781
PLoS pathogens 2020 Aug;16(8):e1008781
Progranulin prevents regulatory NK cell cytotoxicity against antiviral T cells.
Huang A, Shinde PV, Huang J, Senff T, Xu HC, Margotta C, Häussinger D, Willnow TE, Zhang J, Pandyra AA, Timm J, Weggen S, Lang KS, Lang PA
JCI insight 2019 Sep 5;4(17)
JCI insight 2019 Sep 5;4(17)
NLRP3 inflammasome expression in peripheral blood monocytes of coronary heart disease patients and its modulation by rosuvastatin.
Zhu J, Wu S, Hu S, Li H, Li M, Geng X, Wang H
Molecular medicine reports 2019 Aug;20(2):1826-1836
Molecular medicine reports 2019 Aug;20(2):1826-1836
Characterizing the Role of Monocytes in T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy Using a 3D Microfluidic Model.
Lee SWL, Adriani G, Ceccarello E, Pavesi A, Tan AT, Bertoletti A, Kamm RD, Wong SC
Frontiers in immunology 2018;9:416
Frontiers in immunology 2018;9:416
Exosomal transfer of mitochondria from airway myeloid-derived regulatory cells to T cells.
Hough KP, Trevor JL, Strenkowski JG, Wang Y, Chacko BK, Tousif S, Chanda D, Steele C, Antony VB, Dokland T, Ouyang X, Zhang J, Duncan SR, Thannickal VJ, Darley-Usmar VM, Deshane JS
Redox biology 2018 Sep;18:54-64
Redox biology 2018 Sep;18:54-64
Butyrate upregulates the TLR4 expression and the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NK-κB in colon cancer cell in vitro.
Xiao T, Wu S, Yan C, Zhao C, Jin H, Yan N, Xu J, Wu Y, Li C, Shao Q, Xia S
Oncology letters 2018 Oct;16(4):4439-4447
Oncology letters 2018 Oct;16(4):4439-4447
Fingolimod reduces circulating tight-junction protein levels and in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cells migration in multiple sclerosis patients.
Annunziata P, Cioni C, Masi G, Tassi M, Marotta G, Severi S
Scientific reports 2018 Oct 18;8(1):15371
Scientific reports 2018 Oct 18;8(1):15371
Cellular metabolism constrains innate immune responses in early human ontogeny.
Kan B, Michalski C, Fu H, Au HHT, Lee K, Marchant EA, Cheng MF, Anderson-Baucum E, Aharoni-Simon M, Tilley P, Mirmira RG, Ross CJ, Luciani DS, Jan E, Lavoie PM
Nature communications 2018 Nov 16;9(1):4822
Nature communications 2018 Nov 16;9(1):4822
AURKA Suppresses Leukemic THP-1 Cell Differentiation through Inhibition of the KDM6B Pathway.
Park JW, Cho H, Oh H, Kim JY, Seo SB
Molecules and cells 2018 May 31;41(5):444-453
Molecules and cells 2018 May 31;41(5):444-453
Impaired efferocytosis by monocytes in multiple myeloma.
Liang YY, Schwarzinger I, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Agis H, Oehler R
Oncology letters 2018 Jul;16(1):409-416
Oncology letters 2018 Jul;16(1):409-416
Comprehensive characterization of chorionic villi-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from human placenta.
Ventura Ferreira MS, Bienert M, Müller K, Rath B, Goecke T, Opländer C, Braunschweig T, Mela P, Brümmendorf TH, Beier F, Neuss S
Stem cell research & therapy 2018 Feb 5;9(1):28
Stem cell research & therapy 2018 Feb 5;9(1):28
The pro-inflammatory phenotype of the human non-classical monocyte subset is attributed to senescence.
Ong SM, Hadadi E, Dang TM, Yeap WH, Tan CT, Ng TP, Larbi A, Wong SC
Cell death & disease 2018 Feb 15;9(3):266
Cell death & disease 2018 Feb 15;9(3):266
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate the enteropathy of food allergies in mice.
Yan N, Xu J, Zhao C, Wu Y, Gao F, Li C, Zhou W, Xiao T, Zhou X, Shao Q, Xia S
Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2018 Dec;16(6):4445-4456
Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2018 Dec;16(6):4445-4456
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve the reserve function of perimenopausal ovary via a paracrine mechanism.
Li J, Mao Q, He J, She H, Zhang Z, Yin C
Stem cell research & therapy 2017 Mar 9;8(1):55
Stem cell research & therapy 2017 Mar 9;8(1):55
Eomesodermin and T-bet mark developmentally distinct human natural killer cells.
Collins A, Rothman N, Liu K, Reiner SL
JCI insight 2017 Mar 9;2(5):e90063
JCI insight 2017 Mar 9;2(5):e90063
A therapeutic T cell receptor mimic antibody targets tumor-associated PRAME peptide/HLA-I antigens.
Chang AY, Dao T, Gejman RS, Jarvis CA, Scott A, Dubrovsky L, Mathias MD, Korontsvit T, Zakhaleva V, Curcio M, Hendrickson RC, Liu C, Scheinberg DA
The Journal of clinical investigation 2017 Jun 30;127(7):2705-2718
The Journal of clinical investigation 2017 Jun 30;127(7):2705-2718
TLR2 activation induces antioxidant defence in human monocyte-macrophage cell line models.
Karwaciak I, Gorzkiewicz M, Bartosz G, Pulaski L
Oncotarget 2017 Aug 15;8(33):54243-54264
Oncotarget 2017 Aug 15;8(33):54243-54264
Pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with high-level inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) expression on lung regulatory T cells--possible implications for the ICOS/ICOS-ligand axis in disease course and resolution.
Sakthivel P, Grunewald J, Eklund A, Bruder D, Wahlström J
Clinical and experimental immunology 2016 Feb;183(2):294-306
Clinical and experimental immunology 2016 Feb;183(2):294-306
Thrombomodulin regulates monocye differentiation via PKCδ and ERK1/2 pathway in vitro and in atherosclerotic artery.
Tsai CS, Lin YW, Huang CY, Shih CM, Tsai YT, Tsao NW, Lin CS, Shih CC, Jeng H, Lin FY
Scientific reports 2016 Dec 2;6:38421
Scientific reports 2016 Dec 2;6:38421
An in vitro model of granuloma-like cell aggregates substantiates early host immune responses against Mycobacterium massiliense infection.
Je S, Quan H, Na Y, Cho SN, Kim BJ, Seok SH
Biology open 2016 Aug 15;5(8):1118-27
Biology open 2016 Aug 15;5(8):1118-27
Investigating the causes for decreased levels of glutathione in individuals with type II diabetes.
Lagman M, Ly J, Saing T, Kaur Singh M, Vera Tudela E, Morris D, Chi PT, Ochoa C, Sathananthan A, Venketaraman V
PloS one 2015;10(3):e0118436
PloS one 2015;10(3):e0118436
Liposomal Glutathione Supplementation Restores TH1 Cytokine Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in HIV-Infected Individuals.
Ly J, Lagman M, Saing T, Singh MK, Tudela EV, Morris D, Anderson J, Daliva J, Ochoa C, Patel N, Pearce D, Venketaraman V
Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research 2015 Nov;35(11):875-87
Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research 2015 Nov;35(11):875-87
STK4 regulates TLR pathways and protects against chronic inflammation-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
Li W, Xiao J, Zhou X, Xu M, Hu C, Xu X, Lu Y, Liu C, Xue S, Nie L, Zhang H, Li Z, Zhang Y, Ji F, Hui L, Tao W, Wei B, Wang H
The Journal of clinical investigation 2015 Nov 2;125(11):4239-54
The Journal of clinical investigation 2015 Nov 2;125(11):4239-54
A novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting SAIL for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Kim SY, Theunissen JW, Balibalos J, Liao-Chan S, Babcock MC, Wong T, Cairns B, Gonzalez D, van der Horst EH, Perez M, Levashova Z, Chinn L, D'Alessio JA, Flory M, Bermudez A, Jackson DY, Ha E, Monteon J, Bruhns MF, Chen G, Migone TS
Blood cancer journal 2015 May 29;5(5):e316
Blood cancer journal 2015 May 29;5(5):e316
Correlation of low CD73 expression on synovial lymphocytes with reduced adenosine generation and higher disease severity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Botta Gordon-Smith S, Ursu S, Eaton S, Moncrieffe H, Wedderburn LR
Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 2015 Feb;67(2):545-54
Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) 2015 Feb;67(2):545-54
Circulating microparticles carry oxidation-specific epitopes and are recognized by natural IgM antibodies.
Tsiantoulas D, Perkmann T, Afonyushkin T, Mangold A, Prohaska TA, Papac-Milicevic N, Millischer V, Bartel C, Hörkkö S, Boulanger CM, Tsimikas S, Fischer MB, Witztum JL, Lang IM, Binder CJ
Journal of lipid research 2015 Feb;56(2):440-8
Journal of lipid research 2015 Feb;56(2):440-8
Biologically active polymers from spontaneous carotenoid oxidation: a new frontier in carotenoid activity.
Johnston JB, Nickerson JG, Daroszewski J, Mogg TJ, Burton GW
PloS one 2014;9(10):e111346
PloS one 2014;9(10):e111346
Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids shapes gene expression and modulates innate and adaptive activation pathways in macrophages with distinct changes in leukocyte attraction.
van de Garde MD, Martinez FO, Melgert BN, Hylkema MN, Jonkers RE, Hamann J
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2014 Feb 1;192(3):1196-208
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2014 Feb 1;192(3):1196-208
Human mesenchymal stem cells possess different biological characteristics but do not change their therapeutic potential when cultured in serum free medium.
Wang Y, Wu H, Yang Z, Chi Y, Meng L, Mao A, Yan S, Hu S, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yu W, Ma Y, Li T, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Liu J, Han J, Li C, Liu L, Xu J, Han ZB, Han ZC
Stem cell research & therapy 2014 Dec 4;5(6):132
Stem cell research & therapy 2014 Dec 4;5(6):132
Noncanonical dendritic cell differentiation and survival driven by a bacteremic pathogen.
Miles B, Scisci E, Carrion J, Sabino GJ, Genco CA, Cutler CW
Journal of leukocyte biology 2013 Aug;94(2):281-9
Journal of leukocyte biology 2013 Aug;94(2):281-9
Leptin up-regulates TLR2 in human monocytes.
Jaedicke KM, Roythorne A, Padget K, Todryk S, Preshaw PM, Taylor JJ
Journal of leukocyte biology 2013 Apr;93(4):561-71
Journal of leukocyte biology 2013 Apr;93(4):561-71
Negative regulation of JAK2 by H3K9 methyltransferase G9a in leukemia.
Son HJ, Kim JY, Hahn Y, Seo SB
Molecular and cellular biology 2012 Sep;32(18):3681-94
Molecular and cellular biology 2012 Sep;32(18):3681-94
Induction of autophagy is essential for monocyte-macrophage differentiation.
Zhang Y, Morgan MJ, Chen K, Choksi S, Liu ZG
Blood 2012 Mar 22;119(12):2895-905
Blood 2012 Mar 22;119(12):2895-905
Upregulation of programmed death-1 on T cells and programmed death ligand-1 on monocytes in septic shock patients.
Zhang Y, Li J, Lou J, Zhou Y, Bo L, Zhu J, Zhu K, Wan X, Cai Z, Deng X
Critical care (London, England) 2011;15(1):R70
Critical care (London, England) 2011;15(1):R70
Ro60-associated single-stranded RNA links inflammation with fetal cardiac fibrosis via ligation of TLRs: a novel pathway to autoimmune-associated heart block.
Clancy RM, Alvarez D, Komissarova E, Barrat FJ, Swartz J, Buyon JP
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2010 Feb 15;184(4):2148-55
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2010 Feb 15;184(4):2148-55
B cells and monocytes from patients with active multiple sclerosis exhibit increased surface expression of both HERV-H Env and HERV-W Env, accompanied by increased seroreactivity.
Brudek T, Christensen T, Aagaard L, Petersen T, Hansen HJ, Møller-Larsen A
Retrovirology 2009 Nov 16;6:104
Retrovirology 2009 Nov 16;6:104
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Supportive validation
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- Staining of normal human peripheral blood cells with staining buffer (autofluorescence) (open histogram) or Anti-Human CD14 PerCP-Cyanine5.5 (filled histogram). Cells in the monocyte gate were used for analysis.
Supportive validation
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- Figure 2 Cell surface expression of SAIL in CLL, AML and MM patient samples and normal BMMC and PBMC controls. ( a ) Three CLL specimens analyzed by flow cytometry. CLL cells were identified as CD19/CD5 double-positive cells. The histograms present SAIL (filled) and isotype control (open) staining in the live-cell and the CLL population. ( b ) Flow cytometry analysis of three AML specimens. SAIL expression is assessed in live-cells, CD33-positive and CD34-positive cells. ( c ) Flow cytometry analysis of three MM specimens. CD38 high cells with CD56 expression were gated for MM cells. SAIL expression is assessed in the live-cell and the MM population. ( d and e ) Flow cytometry analysis of SAIL expression in BMMC ( d ) and PBMC ( e ) via co-staining with CD19, CD3, CD14, CD56, CD33, CD34 and a cocktail of lineage (LN) markers. Numbers in histograms are median-fluorescence-intensity fold-change values relative to the isotype control. Three and two representative examples are shown for the tumor and normal samples, respectively.
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- Figure 2 PD-1 and PD-L1 were upregulated on T cells and monocytes in septic shock patients . Blood samples were obtained from 19 septic shock patients and 22 healthy controls and were stained for programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) gated on CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and CD14 + monocytes. (a) to (c) Percentage of PD-1 expression on (a) CD4 + T cells and (b) CD8 + T cells, and (c) percentage of PD-L1 expression on CD14 + monocytes. Each dot represents one individual. Data are mean +- standard error of the mean (SEM) of three independent experiments. ** P < 0.01 compared with healthy controls. (d) to (f) Mean fluorescence intensity (relative fluorescence units) of PD-1 expression on (d) CD4 + T cells, (e) PD-1 expression on CD8 + T cells, and (f) PD-L1 expression on CD14 + monocytes Each dot represents one individual. Data are mean +- SEM of three independent experiments. * P < 0.05 compared with healthy controls. (g) Representative PD-1 expression levels on CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells, and PD-L1 expression on CD14 + monocytes. Values in the upper-right quadrant indicate the percentage of cells that express PD-1 or PD-L1.
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- Fig 7 Measurement of ROS in CD14 + cells, CD4 + T-cells, and CD8 + T-cells by cellROX stain mean intensity in T2DM patients compared to healthy. CD14 + cells were stained with cellROX green reagent, a marker of ROS, and a CD14 cell marker, CD14-PE. CD14 + -ROX + cells' mean intensity was analyzed by FLOW cytometry. There was an observable increase in ROX mean intensity in CD14 + cells isolated from individuals with T2DM compared to healthy volunteers (Fig. 7A). CD4 + cells were also stained with cellROX green reagent and a CD4 cell marker, CD4-Cy5. CD4 + -ROX + cells' mean intensity was analyzed by FLOW cytometry. There was an observable increase in ROX mean intensity in CD4 + T-cells isolated from individuals with T2DM compared to healthy volunteers (Fig. 7B). CD8 + cells were stained with cellROX green reagent and a CD8 cell marker, CD8-Cy5. CD8 + -ROX + cells' mean intensity was analyzed by FLOW cytometry. There was an observable increase in ROX mean intensity in CD8 + T-cells isolated from individuals with T2DM compared to healthy volunteers (Fig. 7C). Data represents mean +-SE from 5 healthy individuals and 5 individuals with T2DM.
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- FIG. 2. Baseline comparison of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers between healthy volunteers and HIV-positive individuals. We observed a significant increase in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6 in plasma samples collected from individuals with HIV infection compared to healthy individuals (A) . Data represent mean+-SE from comparing baseline levels of 10 healthy volunteers and 15 HIV-positive individuals, **** P
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- FIG. 6. Difference in plasma IL-6 levels and ROS markers pre- and post-GSH supplementation. Sandwich ELISA was performed to compare the cytokine levels between pre-supplementation (V1) and post-supplementation (V3). Assay of cytokines showed a significant decrease in the levels of IL-6 in plasma samples collected from the lGSH-treatment group. There was no significant difference between the levels of IL-6 from the placebo group when comparing visit 1 and visit 3 (A) . Data represent mean+-SE, * P
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- Figure 1 Effect of OxC-beta on CD14, TLR-4, and TLR-2 levels in vitro . Human THP-1 monocytes (A), fibroblasts (B), and endothelial cells (C), were treated with the indicated concentrations of OxC-beta or vehicle control (DMSO) for 24 hours. Immune receptor content was measured 24 hours post-treatment by FACS analysis. OxC-beta-induced increase in receptor level was assessed relative to untreated control cells using a one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post test for multiple comparisons. DMSO had no effect on receptor level (result not shown). Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was used as a positive control in experiments with THP-1 cells (hatched bars).
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- Figure 5 Determination of activities relative to OxC-beta of (A) OxC-beta polymer and monomer fractions, and (B) oxidized lycopene (OxC-lyc), using a CD14 receptor expression assay. THP-1 cells were treated for 24 hours with the indicated concentrations of compounds. CD14 expression was quantified using FACS analysis. The effect of each compound is shown relative to untreated cells. Points represent the mean and standard error from three separate experiments. (A) Correlation analysis indicates a significant dose effect for each compound on CD14 expression with p-values of 0.0036 for OxC-beta, 0.0034 for the polymer, and 0.0113 for the monomer. Comparison of the relative activity of each compound indicates that the monomer is significantly less active than the polymer (p
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- Figure 1 PMA-induced TM expression mediates morphological changes and differentiation marker expression in THP-1 cells. ( A ) THP-1 cells were treated with 150 nM PMA for 24-72 hours. The total cell lysates were harvested, and the expression of TM was analyzed using western blot analysis. beta-actin was used as a loading control. Five independent experiments have been performed (n = 5) and representative images have been showed. The amount of proteins expression was quantified using densitometry and presented as bar graph. The data are presented as the mean +- SD (n = 5), and * p < 0.05 was considered significant. ( B ) THP-1 cells were transfected with TM siRNA or HA-TM FL plasmid for 24 h followed by PMA stimulation for 72 hours. The morphology of the cells was observed using light microscopy. The adherent differentiated macrophage-like cells are indicated by a white arrowhead. Five independent experiments have been performed (n = 5). The quantification is shown in the right graph. ( C ) The expression of the macrophage cell surface markers CD14 (red) and CD68 (green) was analyzed using immunofluorescence and microscopy. Hoechst staining was used to label the nuclei. The scale bar indicates 100 mum. Five independent experiments have been performed (n = 5), and showed representative images. ( D ) The expression of CD14 and CD68 was analyzed using flow cytometry. Data are expressed as a % of the control, are presented as the mean +- SD and represent the results of three indep
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- Figure 4 TM regulates THP-1 cell differentiation via the PKCdelta-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. ( A ) THP-1 cells were transfected with 2 or 4 mug of PKCalpha, PKCbeta, PKCdelta, PKCepsilon, or PKCtheta shRNA for 24 h. Total cell lysates were purified, and knockdown efficiency was assayed using western blot analysis. ( B ) The THP-1 cells were knocked down by PKCalpha, PKCbeta, PKCdelta, PKCepsilon, and PKCtheta shRNAs for 24 h followed by PMA stimulation for 72 hours. The number of CD14 + cells was scored using flow cytometry. Data are expressed as a % of the control, are presented as the mean +- SD and represent the results of five independent experiments (n = 5, * p < 0.05 was considered significant). ( C ) Different sets of THP-1 cells were transfected with 4 mug of each shRNA for 24 h followed by PMA stimulation for 72 hours. The levels of p21 Cip1/WAF1 and PCNA were analyzed using western blot analysis. ( D ) The THP-1 cells were knocked down by PKCdelta shRNA for 24 h followed by PMA stimulation for 72 hours. The level of PKCdelta and total and phosphorylated ERK1/2 was analyzed using western blot analysis. In western blot analysis, beta-actin and total-ERK1/2 were used as loading controls. The density of each band was quantified using densitometry and related protein expression was presented as bar graph. The data are presented as the mean +- SD, and * p < 0.05 was considered significant (n = 5). ( E ) Lysates of THP-1 cells with PMA stimulation were extracted. Left, immu
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- Fig. 1 Flow cytometry analysis of phenotype characterization of hUCMSCs. Phenotype of CD73, CD90, CD105, CD14, CD34, CD45, CD79a and HLA-DR of hUCMSCs was detected by flow cytometry. Intensity >= 95% represented strong expression while
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- Figure 1 M1 macrophage and STAT1 were excessive in RSA patients. ( A-B ) The dot plot represents labeling of CD14 + CD86 + and CD14 + TNFalpha + (M1) cells by flow cytometry in decidua of NP subjects (n= 30) and RSA patients (n= 30). ( C ) qRT-PCR analysis of STAT1 expression in the decidua of NP subjects (n= 30) and RSA patients (n= 30). ( D ) STAT1 and p-STAT1 protein levels were measured in decidua of NP subjects (n= 10) and RSA patients (n= 10) by western blot. ( E ) Representative IHC staining images of STAT1 in the decidua of NP and RSA patients (Scale bar, 50 um, 200x). ( F ) Correlation between p-STAT1 and the proportion of CD14 + CD86 + in decidua of NP subjects (n= 10) and RSA patients (n= 10). ( G ) Correlation between p-STAT1 and the proportion of CD14 + TNF-alpha + in decidua of NP subjects (n= 10) and RSA patients (n= 10). Values were listed as the mean+- SEM. **** P < 0.0001.
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- Fig. 1 Identification of EPCs. a Adherent cells grew in a blood island manner. Fluorescent staining of EPCs. b Adherent cells took up UEA-1-lectin. c Adherent cells took up Dil-Ac-LDL. d Adherent cells took up UEA-1-lectin and Dil-Ac-LDL. E. Surface molecular markers of EPCs. Adherent cells expressed CD34, CD133, CD14 and VEGFR-2. All experiments involving cell culture studies were repeated three times with three replicates per experiment
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- 10.1080/19420862.2020.1725365-F0003 Figure 3. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (a) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) (b) of the antibodies against CTLA-4. (a) Human CTLA4-expressing 293F cells were added to 96-well plates at 1 x 10 4 cells/well, and then the antibodies pre-incubated with 5 x 10 5 PBMCs were added. The plates were kept at 37degC in a 5% CO 2 incubator for 4 h. Lysis of the target cells was determined by the introduction of DELFIA(r) EuTDA Cytotoxicity Reagents. (b) Human macrophage cells were mixed at 1:1 ratio with CFSE-dyed engineered human CTLA-4 expressing 293F cells in 96-well plates, then antibodies were added and incubated with cells at 37degC in a 5% CO 2 incubator for 3 h. After wash, APC-labeled anti-human CD14 antibody was added for flow cytometry detection.
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- Figure 2 Comparison of monocytes and NK cell percentage amongst study groups. A. The stained PBMCs were gated on the monocyte population and CD3 + CD19 + cells were excluded. Cell populations are displayed for CD16 and CD14 expression (upper FACS panel). One exemplary dot plot is shown per study group. The bar diagrams (lower panel) show the non-classical (CD16 + CD14 - ), intermediate (CD16 + CD14 + ) and classical (CD16 - CD14 + ) monocytes. *P-value
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- Figure 2 Induced differentiation, flow cytometric and immunosuppressive ability analysis of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells expanded in serum-free medium. After differentiation induction, (a) osteogenesis was confirmed by Alizarin Red (x40), (b) adipogenesis was stained by Oil Red O (x200) and (c) chondrogenesis was analyzed by Toluidine Blue (x100). (d) Serum-free medium (SFM)-expanded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) at the 10th passage were labeled with antibodies against human antigens CD14-PE, CD19-PE, CD34-FITC, CD45-PE, CD73-PE, CD90-PE, CD105-PE, HLA-ABC-FITC, HLA-DR-PE and Nestin-PE. (e) Expression of hTERT in hUC-MSCs. Graph shows the level of hTERT transcripts of hUC-MSCs cultured in serum-containing medium (SCM) and SFM ( n = 5). Values presented as ratio of positive control (HeLa cells). Immunosuppressive ability of hUC-MSCs was evaluated by co-culturing with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). (f) Proliferation of hPBMCs was quantified based the measurement of BrdU incorporation during DNA synthesis. (g) Level of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in the supernatant was determined by ELISA.
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- Fig. 2 a Cumulative population-doubling (cPD) levels versus passage number for the four different sources of MSC. Black represents CV-MSC ( n = 7), dark gray UC-MSC ( n = 4), medium gray AT-MSC ( n = 5), and light gray BM-MSC ( n = 6). b IHC-based senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) staining of CV-MSC in early (i, passage 4) and late (ii, passage 9) passages, AT-MSC in passage 6 (iii), BM-MSC in passage 6 (iv), and UC-MSC in passage 2 (v) and passage 4 (vi). Scale = 200 mum. c IHC of CV-MSC (i, ii) and BM-MSC (iii, iv) stained for osteopontin (i, iii) and fibronectin (ii, iv). Scale = 1 mm. d Collagen area (%) after collagen contraction assay for CV-MSC ( n = 4), BM-MSC ( n = 3), UC-MSC ( n = 4), and AT-MSC ( n = 3). Cells in passage 3 were used. Results expressed as mean +- SD, percentage of the total collagen area of the collagen gels without cells. e Surface marker expression of CV-MSC in early passages ( n = 5). Results expressed as mean +- SD (%). f Representative immunofluorescence of early passaged CV-MSC (i, iii) and BM-MSC (iii, iv) stained for SM22alpha (i, iii) and alpha-SMA (ii, iv). Scale = 50 mum. AT adipose tissue, BM bone marrow, CV chorionic villi, MSC mesenchymal stromal cells, UC umbilical cord
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- Fig. 5 KDM6B promotes the differentiation of THP-1 cells (A) THP-1 cells were treated with 100 ng/ml PMA, 2 muM GSK-J4, or DMSO for 48 h. CD14 and CD11b expression levels were confirmed using qRT-PCR and normalized to GAPDH . Results are shown as mean +- SEM, n = 3; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. (B) We treated negative control (shNC)- and shKDM6B-transfected THP-1 cells with 100 ng/ml PMA for 48 h. The cells were stained with PE-CD11b and APC-CD14 antibodies. The percentage of cells in each quadrant is indicated in the figure. (C) We treated THP-1 cells with 2 muM GSK-J4 or 0.3 muM alisertib for 48 h. The cells were stained with PE-CD11b and APC-CD14 antibodies. The percentage of cells in each quadrant is indicated in the figure. (D) A model of AURKA regulating KDM6B expression in PMA-mediated THP-1 differentiation.
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- Figure 4. Butyrate upregulates the levels of TLR4 and CD14 on colon cancer cells. The expression levels of TLR4 and CD14 on the membrane of SW480 cells and CT26 cells treated by butyrate and/or LPS were (A) analyzed using a flow cytometer, and (B) the MFI values of TLR4 and CD14 were quantitative analyzed. These experiments were repeated >=3 times, and representative graphs are presented. Compared with the NC group, *P
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- Fig. 1 Responses to Candida spp . in neonatal immune cells. a Phagocytosis of Candida in monocytes (boxes and whiskers), including a representative flow microscopy diagram (white bar = ~10 um). Data pooled from multiple experiments over 14 months (9 to 17 subjects per age group; see Supplemental Data for clinical information on preterm subjects); b IL-1beta and c IL-6 response (blood mononuclear cells) to C. albicans or C. parapsilosis (24 h stimulation; 10 to 18 subjects per age group; boxes and whiskers); ( d ) IL-1beta (24 h; 11 to 21 subjects per age group; boxes and whiskers) and e representative gating for pro-IL-1beta (5 h LPS stimulation), gated on CD14-expressing cells (black = fluorescent-minus one control; orange = unstimulated; blue = LPS; representative preterm sample is from a 26 weeks' infant); f pro-IL-1beta (5 h) or g IL-6 (24 h) in response to LPS, zymosan or curdlan (mononuclear cells; 11 to 21 subjects per age group; boxes and whiskers); for b and c , data was pooled from multiple experiments assayed in four ELISA batches with similar distribution of samples per age group
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- Fig. 5 Gene expression and translation of dectin-1 signaling proteins. a Illustration of selected signaling molecules downstream of dectin-1; b Polysome profiles and c quantification of signalosome genes (qPCR) in monosome, disome, and light and heavy polysome fractions (monocytes). Data are from 4 subjects per age group (boxes and whiskers; RQ = relative quantification); d Quantification of signalosome genes (qPCR) in total RNA fractions (4 to 5 subjects/age group; mean +- SD); e Surface expression of dectin-1 (flow cytometry, mononuclear cells, gated on CD14-expressing cells; data pooled from 10 to 23 subjects per age group; boxes and whiskers); f Representative (cropped) Western blot of MALT1 and Bcl10 protein expression in monocytes after 0 to 60 min LPS stimulation. Representative blot is from a 29 weeks gestation sample. Images cropped from same blot probes with each antibody; cumulative quantification of 4 independent Western blot experiments for g MALT1 and h Bcl10 (mean +- SD)
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- Fig. 8 Inhibition glycolysis results in loss of MALT1 protein expression. Effect of blocking glycolysis (using 2-DG) or of blocking translation (using cycloheximide, as control) on MALT1 protein expression (monocytes). a MALT1 protein was detected by Western blot (left panel; representative of two experiments; cropped images from same blot probed with each antibody) at 8 h and 19 h. Lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) lysate used as positive control for MALT1 protein expression; MALT1 protein detection ( b ) at 16 h and ( c ) over time (intracellular staining by flow cytometry, gated on CD14-expressing cells; MFI mean fluorescence intensity; dotted line: signal for fluorescence-minus-one staining control MFI level; boxes and whiskers with a paired 2-sided t -test in b ; mean +- SD in c and d ; d corresponding cell viability over time (mean +- SD); 6 subjects. e Effect of MALT1 inhibition on IL-1beta, IL-6, and lactate production at rest and following LPS (mononuclear cells; boxes and whiskers with 2-sided paired t -tests); f correlation between LPS-induced IL-1beta and IL-6, and lactate production (Spearman' r ; * p < 0.05; with dotted regression line); 8 subjects. All experiments were conducted in adult cells
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- Figure 1. Characterization of hUC-MSCs. (A) Morphological observations of hUC-MSCs. Umbilical cord tissues were cultured for >15 days and long spindle-shaded fibroblastic cells were observed around the tissue using Zeiss light microscopy (scale bar, 100 um). (B) Phenotyping of hUC-MSCs. hUC-MSCs were stained with a fluorescein-labeled antibodies (CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD14, CD19 and HLA-DR) and analyzed with a flow cytometer. (C) Adipogenic and (D) osteogenic differentiation of hUC-MSCs. hUC-MSCs were cultured in adipogenic and osteogenic medium, respectively. Lipid droplets in the adipocytes are presented with Oil Red O staining (scale bar, 100 um). hUC-MSCs-derived osteoblasts were detected with Alizarin Red staining (scale bar, 200 um). (E) hUC-MSCs inhibit the proliferation of CFSE-labeled CD4 + T cells, which were activated by Con A stimulation. Experiments were repeated three times and representative graphs and images are presented. hUC-MSC, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell; MSC Sup, culture supernatant of hUC-MSCs; Con A, concanavalin A; CFSE, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester.
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- Figure 1. Upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome mRNA levels in PBMCs in patients with SAP and AMI, compared with non-CHD controls. (A) PBMCs were isolated from peripheral blood and the positive rate of CD14 was calculated to be >=95% of PBMCs by flow cytometry. RT-PCR assays were performed to quantify the mRNA levels of (B) NLRP3, (C) ASC and (D) caspase-1 in PBMCs of each group. *P
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- Figure 3 Generation of patient specific iPSC-derived macrophages. Patient iPSCs have been differentiated into macrophages and compared to macrophages from a healthy iPSC line (hCD34_iPSC16). ( A ) Microscopic analysis of patient iPSCs in cytospin images after Pappenheim staining (left, scale bar = 20 um) or in brightfield images (middle scale bar 200 um, right scale bar = 100 um). ( B ) Representative flow cytometric analysis of CD11b, CD14, CD163 and CD45 expression on patient iPSCs and healthy macrophages of two independent experiments. Blue: Isotype. Pink: Surface marker. FC = fold change of the median fluorescent intensity. ( C ) Flow cytometric analysis of IFN-gammaR1 (top) and IFN-gammaR2 (bottom) expression on healthy and patient iPSC-derived macrophages. Blue: Isotype. Pink: Surface marker. Expression has been quantified by plotting the difference of the median fluorescent intensity (DeltaMFI). Each dot represents macrophages from an independent harvest and from at least three independent differentiations ( n = 4-7, mean +- SD, Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn''s multiple comparison). Red line shows DeltaMFI of 0. ( D ) GM-CSF clearance of healthy and patient iPSC-derived macrophages over a time of 48 h. Concentrations have been normalized to control well containing no cells (media only) ( n = 3, mean +- SD; each dot represents macrophages from an independent harvest and from at least three independent differentiations). ( E ) Representative flow cytometric (top) and microsco
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- Figure 1. CASC15 -KO promotes the differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. (A) Apoptosis in CASC15 -KO and empty vector-transduced (control) OCI-AML5 cell lines after 24 h of depletion of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (annexin-FITC/Sytox blue flow cytometry). (B) Expression of SOX4 during in vitro differentiation of CASC15 -KO and control OCI-AML5 cell lines. All cells were treated with 0.1 mM all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and 1 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) over 72 h in three independent experiments. Total RNA was extracted before, after 24 h and after 72 h of treatment, DNase-digested and transcribed to cDNA. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed using SYBR green chemistry with subsequent melting curve analysis in technical triplicates. The 2-ddCt was calculated relative to the pre-determined housekeeping gene encoding succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C ( SDHC ). (C) Baseline expression of the monocyte/macrophage markers CD11b (integrin subunit alpha M, ITGAM), CD11c (integrin subunit alpha X, ITGAX), and CD14, the granulocyte marker CD15 (fucosyltransferase 4, FUT4), and the general myeloid marker CD13 (aminopeptidase N, APN) in CASC15 -KO and control cells. The percentages of positive cells, quantified by flow cytometry after 72 h, are shown. (D-F) Growth rate and CD11c myeloid cell surface marker expression of CASC15 and control cell lines during drug-induced in vitro differentiation
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- Fig 6 Human neutrophils incubated with supernatants from T . cruzi -infected HFF cells have enhanced expression of CD11b. Flow cytometry analysis of live neutrophils (CD16 + CD66b + CD14 - HLA-DR - ) incubated for 16 hours with media only (A), supernatants from uninfected HFF cells (B), or supernatants of HFF cells infected for 4 days with T . cruzi CL-14 (C) or CL Brener (D). Percentage of cells expressing high levels of the activation marker CD11b (E) and mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD11b (F). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA with Tukey''s post-test comparing the indicated treatments). (A-D) Images are representative of three independent experiments. (E-F) Data from three independent experiments (mean and s.e.m. ).
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- Figure 2 Flow cytometry of CD cell surface markers for cells cultured under hypoxia and normoxia. The positive CD markers for MSCs as detected by the fluorescent antibodies anti-CD73 FITC, anti-CD105 PE, and anti-CD90 PE Cy7. The negative markers of MSCs were detected using anti-CD14 FITC, anti-CD45 PerCP, anti-CD34-R-PE, and anti-CD19 PE-Cy7 antibodies. Unstained cell for each condition was used as negative controls.