Antibody data
- Antibody Data
- Antigen structure
- References [34]
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- Validations
- Flow cytometry [1]
- Other assay [13]
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- Product number
- 25-0389-41 - Provider product page
- Provider
- Invitrogen Antibodies
- Product name
- CD38 Monoclonal Antibody (HIT2), PE-Cyanine7, eBioscience™
- Antibody type
- Monoclonal
- Antigen
- Other
- Description
- Description: The HIT2 monoclonal antibody reacts with the human CD38 molecule, an approximately 45 kDa type II transmembrane protein. CD38 is expressed by thymocytes, peripheral B cells including plasma cells, activated T cells, and monocytes. CD38 is a counter-receptor for CD31 and has both cyclase and hydrolase enzymatic activity.
- Antibody clone number
- HIT2
- Concentration
- 5 µL/Test
Submitted references Novel myeloma patient-derived xenograft models unveil the potency of anlotinib to overcome bortezomib resistance.
B cell-intrinsic changes with age do not impact antibody-secreting cell formation but delay B cell participation in the germinal centre reaction.
SARS-CoV-2 infection paralyzes cytotoxic and metabolic functions of the immune cells.
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen dysregulates expression of MCL-1 by targeting FBW7.
Highly efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout in primary human B cells for functional genetic studies of Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity.
Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals.
Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia stem cell transcriptomes anticipate disease morphology and outcome.
IFNγ induces epigenetic programming of human T-bet(hi) B cells and promotes TLR7/8 and IL-21 induced differentiation.
Ultra-High-Frequency Reprogramming of Individual Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells Yields Low Somatic Variant Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Circulating CD56(bright) NK cells inversely correlate with survival of melanoma patients.
IL1RAP potentiates multiple oncogenic signaling pathways in AML.
Potential Role of Vδ2(+) γδ T Cells in Regulation of Immune Activation in Primary HIV Infection.
Greater activation of peripheral T follicular helper cells following high dose influenza vaccine in older adults forecasts seroconversion.
Abnormal phenotypic features of IgM+B cell subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
A distinct plasmablast and naïve B-cell phenotype in primary immune thrombocytopenia.
Development of depressive symptoms post hip fracture is associated with altered immunosuppressive phenotype in regulatory T and B lymphocytes.
Flow cytometric detection of MPL (CD110) as a diagnostic tool for differentiation of congenital thrombocytopenias.
New IDH1 mutant inhibitors for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
Development of a diverse human T-cell repertoire despite stringent restriction of hematopoietic clonality in the thymus.
Endothelium and NOTCH specify and amplify aorta-gonad-mesonephros-derived hematopoietic stem cells.
Altered B cell balance, but unaffected B cell capacity to limit monocyte activation in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis in remission.
Monocyte-activation phenotypes are associated with biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation in chronic HIV infection.
Immunologic predictors of coronary artery calcium progression in a contemporary HIV cohort.
Sustained Engraftment of Cryopreserved Human Bone Marrow CD34(+) Cells in Young Adult NSG Mice.
Generation of functional, antigen-specific CD8+ human T cells from cord blood stem cells using exogenous Notch and tetramer-TCR signaling.
Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic network is dispensable for development and maintenance of CML but is required for disease progression where it represents a new therapeutic target.
B cell response and hemagglutinin stalk-reactive antibody production in different age cohorts following 2009 H1N1 influenza virus vaccination.
Spontaneous clearance of chronic hepatitis C virus infection is associated with appearance of neutralizing antibodies and reversal of T-cell exhaustion.
Targeting CDK1 promotes FLT3-activated acute myeloid leukemia differentiation through C/EBPα.
Decreased influenza-specific B cell responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor.
DNA methylation prevents CTCF-mediated silencing of the oncogene BCL6 in B cell lymphomas.
The Mi-2/NuRD complex associates with pericentromeric heterochromatin during S phase in rapidly proliferating lymphoid cells.
CD38 binding to human myeloid cells is mediated by mouse and human CD31.
Yue Y, Cao Y, Mao X, Wang F, Fan P, Qian L, Guo S, Li F, Guo Y, Chen T, Lin Y, Dong W, Liu Y, Huang Y, Gu W
Frontiers in oncology 2022;12:894279
Frontiers in oncology 2022;12:894279
B cell-intrinsic changes with age do not impact antibody-secreting cell formation but delay B cell participation in the germinal centre reaction.
Lee JL, Fra-Bido SC, Burton AR, Innocentin S, Hill DL, Linterman MA
Aging cell 2022 Sep;21(9):e13692
Aging cell 2022 Sep;21(9):e13692
SARS-CoV-2 infection paralyzes cytotoxic and metabolic functions of the immune cells.
Singh Y, Trautwein C, Fendel R, Krickeberg N, Berezhnoy G, Bissinger R, Ossowski S, Salker MS, Casadei N, Riess O, Deutsche COVID-19 OMICS Initiate (DeCOI)
Heliyon 2021 Jun;7(6):e07147
Heliyon 2021 Jun;7(6):e07147
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen dysregulates expression of MCL-1 by targeting FBW7.
Kim YJ, Kim Y, Kumar A, Kim CW, Toth Z, Cho NH, Lee HR
PLoS pathogens 2021 Jan;17(1):e1009179
PLoS pathogens 2021 Jan;17(1):e1009179
Highly efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout in primary human B cells for functional genetic studies of Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Akidil E, Albanese M, Buschle A, Ruhle A, Pich D, Keppler OT, Hammerschmidt W
PLoS pathogens 2021 Apr;17(4):e1009117
PLoS pathogens 2021 Apr;17(4):e1009117
Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity.
Rydyznski Moderbacher C, Ramirez SI, Dan JM, Grifoni A, Hastie KM, Weiskopf D, Belanger S, Abbott RK, Kim C, Choi J, Kato Y, Crotty EG, Kim C, Rawlings SA, Mateus J, Tse LPV, Frazier A, Baric R, Peters B, Greenbaum J, Ollmann Saphire E, Smith DM, Sette A, Crotty S
Cell 2020 Nov 12;183(4):996-1012.e19
Cell 2020 Nov 12;183(4):996-1012.e19
Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals.
Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Ramirez SI, Mateus J, Dan JM, Moderbacher CR, Rawlings SA, Sutherland A, Premkumar L, Jadi RS, Marrama D, de Silva AM, Frazier A, Carlin AF, Greenbaum JA, Peters B, Krammer F, Smith DM, Crotty S, Sette A
Cell 2020 Jun 25;181(7):1489-1501.e15
Cell 2020 Jun 25;181(7):1489-1501.e15
Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia stem cell transcriptomes anticipate disease morphology and outcome.
Wiseman DH, Baker SM, Dongre AV, Gurashi K, Storer JA, Somervaille TC, Batta K
EBioMedicine 2020 Aug;58:102904
EBioMedicine 2020 Aug;58:102904
IFNγ induces epigenetic programming of human T-bet(hi) B cells and promotes TLR7/8 and IL-21 induced differentiation.
Zumaquero E, Stone SL, Scharer CD, Jenks SA, Nellore A, Mousseau B, Rosal-Vela A, Botta D, Bradley JE, Wojciechowski W, Ptacek T, Danila MI, Edberg JC, Bridges SL Jr, Kimberly RP, Chatham WW, Schoeb TR, Rosenberg AF, Boss JM, Sanz I, Lund FE
eLife 2019 May 15;8
eLife 2019 May 15;8
Ultra-High-Frequency Reprogramming of Individual Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells Yields Low Somatic Variant Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Wang K, Guzman AK, Yan Z, Zhang S, Hu MY, Hamaneh MB, Yu YK, Tolu S, Zhang J, Kanavy HE, Ye K, Bartholdy B, Bouhassira EE
Cell reports 2019 Mar 5;26(10):2580-2592.e7
Cell reports 2019 Mar 5;26(10):2580-2592.e7
Circulating CD56(bright) NK cells inversely correlate with survival of melanoma patients.
de Jonge K, Ebering A, Nassiri S, Maby-El Hajjami H, Ouertatani-Sakouhi H, Baumgaertner P, Speiser DE
Scientific reports 2019 Mar 14;9(1):4487
Scientific reports 2019 Mar 14;9(1):4487
IL1RAP potentiates multiple oncogenic signaling pathways in AML.
Mitchell K, Barreyro L, Todorova TI, Taylor SJ, Antony-Debré I, Narayanagari SR, Carvajal LA, Leite J, Piperdi Z, Pendurti G, Mantzaris I, Paietta E, Verma A, Gritsman K, Steidl U
The Journal of experimental medicine 2018 Jun 4;215(6):1709-1727
The Journal of experimental medicine 2018 Jun 4;215(6):1709-1727
Potential Role of Vδ2(+) γδ T Cells in Regulation of Immune Activation in Primary HIV Infection.
Bhatnagar N, Girard PM, Lopez-Gonzalez M, Didier C, Collias L, Jung C, Bollens D, Duvivier C, Von Platen C, Scott-Algara D, Weiss L, ANRS EP-56 Group
Frontiers in immunology 2017;8:1189
Frontiers in immunology 2017;8:1189
Greater activation of peripheral T follicular helper cells following high dose influenza vaccine in older adults forecasts seroconversion.
Pilkinton MA, Nicholas KJ, Warren CM, Smith RM, Yoder SM, Talbot HK, Kalams SA
Vaccine 2017 Jan 5;35(2):329-336
Vaccine 2017 Jan 5;35(2):329-336
Abnormal phenotypic features of IgM+B cell subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
Kong F, Feng B, Zhang H, Rao H, Wang J, Cong X, Wei L
Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2017 Aug;14(2):1846-1852
Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2017 Aug;14(2):1846-1852
A distinct plasmablast and naïve B-cell phenotype in primary immune thrombocytopenia.
Flint SM, Gibson A, Lucas G, Nandigam R, Taylor L, Provan D, Newland AC, Savage CO, Henderson RB
Haematologica 2016 Jun;101(6):698-706
Haematologica 2016 Jun;101(6):698-706
Development of depressive symptoms post hip fracture is associated with altered immunosuppressive phenotype in regulatory T and B lymphocytes.
Duggal NA, Upton J, Phillips AC, Lord JM
Biogerontology 2016 Feb;17(1):229-39
Biogerontology 2016 Feb;17(1):229-39
Flow cytometric detection of MPL (CD110) as a diagnostic tool for differentiation of congenital thrombocytopenias.
Ballmaier M, Holter W, Germeshausen M
Haematologica 2015 Sep;100(9):e341-4
Haematologica 2015 Sep;100(9):e341-4
New IDH1 mutant inhibitors for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
Okoye-Okafor UC, Bartholdy B, Cartier J, Gao EN, Pietrak B, Rendina AR, Rominger C, Quinn C, Smallwood A, Wiggall KJ, Reif AJ, Schmidt SJ, Qi H, Zhao H, Joberty G, Faelth-Savitski M, Bantscheff M, Drewes G, Duraiswami C, Brady P, Groy A, Narayanagari SR, Antony-Debre I, Mitchell K, Wang HR, Kao YR, Christopeit M, Carvajal L, Barreyro L, Paietta E, Makishima H, Will B, Concha N, Adams ND, Schwartz B, McCabe MT, Maciejewski J, Verma A, Steidl U
Nature chemical biology 2015 Nov;11(11):878-86
Nature chemical biology 2015 Nov;11(11):878-86
Development of a diverse human T-cell repertoire despite stringent restriction of hematopoietic clonality in the thymus.
Brugman MH, Wiekmeijer AS, van Eggermond M, Wolvers-Tettero I, Langerak AW, de Haas EF, Bystrykh LV, van Rood JJ, de Haan G, Fibbe WE, Staal FJ
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 Nov 3;112(44):E6020-7
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015 Nov 3;112(44):E6020-7
Endothelium and NOTCH specify and amplify aorta-gonad-mesonephros-derived hematopoietic stem cells.
Hadland BK, Varnum-Finney B, Poulos MG, Moon RT, Butler JM, Rafii S, Bernstein ID
The Journal of clinical investigation 2015 May;125(5):2032-45
The Journal of clinical investigation 2015 May;125(5):2032-45
Altered B cell balance, but unaffected B cell capacity to limit monocyte activation in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis in remission.
Lepse N, Abdulahad WH, Rutgers A, Kallenberg CG, Stegeman CA, Heeringa P
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2014 Sep;53(9):1683-92
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 2014 Sep;53(9):1683-92
Monocyte-activation phenotypes are associated with biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation in chronic HIV infection.
Wilson EM, Singh A, Hullsiek KH, Gibson D, Henry WK, Lichtenstein K, Önen NF, Kojic E, Patel P, Brooks JT, Sereti I, Baker JV, Study to Understand the Natural History of HIV/AIDS in the Era of Effective Therapy (SUN Study) Investigators
The Journal of infectious diseases 2014 Nov 1;210(9):1396-406
The Journal of infectious diseases 2014 Nov 1;210(9):1396-406
Immunologic predictors of coronary artery calcium progression in a contemporary HIV cohort.
Baker JV, Hullsiek KH, Singh A, Wilson E, Henry K, Lichtenstein K, Onen N, Kojic E, Patel P, Brooks JT, Hodis HN, Budoff M, Sereti I, CDC SUN Study Investigators
AIDS (London, England) 2014 Mar 27;28(6):831-40
AIDS (London, England) 2014 Mar 27;28(6):831-40
Sustained Engraftment of Cryopreserved Human Bone Marrow CD34(+) Cells in Young Adult NSG Mice.
Wiekmeijer AS, Pike-Overzet K, Brugman MH, Salvatori DC, Egeler RM, Bredius RG, Fibbe WE, Staal FJ
BioResearch open access 2014 Jun 1;3(3):110-6
BioResearch open access 2014 Jun 1;3(3):110-6
Generation of functional, antigen-specific CD8+ human T cells from cord blood stem cells using exogenous Notch and tetramer-TCR signaling.
Fernandez I, Ooi TP, Roy K
Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 2014 Jan;32(1):93-104
Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) 2014 Jan;32(1):93-104
Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic network is dispensable for development and maintenance of CML but is required for disease progression where it represents a new therapeutic target.
Harb JG, Neviani P, Chyla BJ, Ellis JJ, Ferenchak GJ, Oaks JJ, Walker CJ, Hokland P, Roy DC, Caligiuri MA, Marcucci G, Huettner CS, Perrotti D
Leukemia 2013 Oct;27(10):1996-2005
Leukemia 2013 Oct;27(10):1996-2005
B cell response and hemagglutinin stalk-reactive antibody production in different age cohorts following 2009 H1N1 influenza virus vaccination.
Sangster MY, Baer J, Santiago FW, Fitzgerald T, Ilyushina NA, Sundararajan A, Henn AD, Krammer F, Yang H, Luke CJ, Zand MS, Wright PF, Treanor JJ, Topham DJ, Subbarao K
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 2013 Jun;20(6):867-76
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 2013 Jun;20(6):867-76
Spontaneous clearance of chronic hepatitis C virus infection is associated with appearance of neutralizing antibodies and reversal of T-cell exhaustion.
Raghuraman S, Park H, Osburn WO, Winkelstein E, Edlin BR, Rehermann B
The Journal of infectious diseases 2012 Mar 1;205(5):763-71
The Journal of infectious diseases 2012 Mar 1;205(5):763-71
Targeting CDK1 promotes FLT3-activated acute myeloid leukemia differentiation through C/EBPα.
Radomska HS, Alberich-Jordà M, Will B, Gonzalez D, Delwel R, Tenen DG
The Journal of clinical investigation 2012 Aug;122(8):2955-66
The Journal of clinical investigation 2012 Aug;122(8):2955-66
Decreased influenza-specific B cell responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor.
Kobie JJ, Zheng B, Bryk P, Barnes M, Ritchlin CT, Tabechian DA, Anandarajah AP, Looney RJ, Thiele RG, Anolik JH, Coca A, Wei C, Rosenberg AF, Feng C, Treanor JJ, Lee FE, Sanz I
Arthritis research & therapy 2011;13(6):R209
Arthritis research & therapy 2011;13(6):R209
DNA methylation prevents CTCF-mediated silencing of the oncogene BCL6 in B cell lymphomas.
Lai AY, Fatemi M, Dhasarathy A, Malone C, Sobol SE, Geigerman C, Jaye DL, Mav D, Shah R, Li L, Wade PA
The Journal of experimental medicine 2010 Aug 30;207(9):1939-50
The Journal of experimental medicine 2010 Aug 30;207(9):1939-50
The Mi-2/NuRD complex associates with pericentromeric heterochromatin during S phase in rapidly proliferating lymphoid cells.
Helbling Chadwick L, Chadwick BP, Jaye DL, Wade PA
Chromosoma 2009 Aug;118(4):445-57
Chromosoma 2009 Aug;118(4):445-57
CD38 binding to human myeloid cells is mediated by mouse and human CD31.
Horenstein AL, Stockinger H, Imhof BA, Malavasi F
The Biochemical journal 1998 Mar 15;330 ( Pt 3):1129-35
The Biochemical journal 1998 Mar 15;330 ( Pt 3):1129-35
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Supportive validation
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- Staining of normal human peripheral blood cells with Anti-Human CD3 APC (Product # 17-0038-42) and Mouse IgG1 kappa Isotype Control PE-Cyanine7 (Product # 25-4714-80) (left) or Anti-Human CD38 PE-Cyanine7 (right). Cells in the lymphocyte gate were used for analysis.
Supportive validation
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- Figure 4. IFNgamma is required for development of T-bet hi B DN cells and regulates ASC formation and recovery. ( a ) Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify predicted upstream direct and indirect regulators of the HD B DN Be1 transcriptome. IPA performed using the 427 DEG (B DN Be1 over B DN Be2; FDR < 0.05) identified in the RNA-seq analysis described in Figure 3b . The predicted activation state (z-score of B DN Be1 over B DN Be2) of each regulator/signaling pathway is shown as bar color (orange, activated; blue, inhibited) with predicted upstream regulators sorted in order of significance (overlap P value). Regulators with an overlap P -value
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- Figure 5. Temporally distinct regulation of T-bet hi IRF4 int pre-ASC and ASC development by IFNgamma, R848 and IL-21. Cartoon ( a ) depicting stimulation of CTV-labeled HD B N cells for 3 days with anti-Ig, R848, IL-21 and IFNgamma (Step 1). Cells were washed and re-cultured for 3 days with R848, IFNgamma, and IL-21 (Step 2, +,+ condition) or individual stimuli were included in Step 1 only (+,- condition) or in Step 2 only (-,+ condition). Cells from day 6 cultures containing IFNgamma ( b-e ), R848 ( f-i ) or IL-21 ( j-m ) in Step 1, Step 2 or both steps were analyzed to determine ASC frequencies ( b, f, j ), ASC recovery ( c, g, k ), cell division ( d, h, l ) and total cell recovery ( e, i, m ). Summary of data ( n ) showing that ASC development and recovery from T-bet hi IRF4 int B DN pre-ASCs requires early IFNgamma, R848 and BCR ''priming'' signals and late R848 and IL-21 proliferation and differentiation signals. See Figure 5-figure supplement 1 for representative flow cytometry plots from each culture showing T-bet hi IRF4 int B DN cells on day 3, CD38 hi CD27 + ASCs on day 6 and CTV dilution on day 6. Data are representative of >=3 experiments. The percentage of cells in each division, the frequency of ASCs and cell recovery (total and ASCs) are shown as the mean +-SD of cultures containing purified B N cells from 3 independent healthy donors. All statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey''s multiple comparison test. P values *
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- Figure 6-figure supplement 2. Flow cytometric characterization of B cells activated during the early priming phase in the presence or absence of IFNgamma and IL-2. Day 6 Be.0, Be.IL2, Be.IFNgamma and Be.gamma2 cells were generated as described in Figure 6e . Representative flow cytometry plots from day 6 Be.0, Be.IFNgamma, Be.IL2 and Be.gamma2 cultures showing CD38 hi CD27 + ASCs ( a ) and CTV dilution ( b ).
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- Figure 6. IFNgamma cooperates with R848, IL-2 and IL-21 to promote development and recovery of ASCs. ( a-d ) IFNgamma synergizes with subthreshold amounts of TLR7/8 ligand to induce proliferation and differentiation of B N cells. CTV-labeled HD B N cells were activated for 3 days (Step 1) with anti-Ig, IL-2, and increasing concentrations of R848 (as indicated) in the presence or absence of IFNgamma (10 ng/ml). Cells were washed and re-cultured for 3 additional days (Step 2) with IL-21 and the same concentration of R848 that was used in Step 1. B cell division was measured on day 6 in cultures that were activated with IFNgamma (green circles) or without IFNgamma (orange circles) in the presence of no R848 (0 mug/ml, ( a ), high dose R848 (10 mug/ml, ( b ) or low dose R848 (0.1 mug/ml, ( c ). The frequency of CD38 hi CD27 + ASCs ( d ) on day 6 is shown. ( e-i ) IFNgamma cooperates with IL-2 to promote ASC development and recovery. Cartoon ( e ) depicting CTV-labeled HD B N cells activated for 3 days (Step 1) with anti-Ig and R848 alone (Be.0); with anti-Ig +R848+IFNgamma (Be.IFNgamma); with anti-Ig +R848+IL-2 (Be.IL2); or with anti-Ig +R848+IFNgamma+IL-2 (Be.gamma2). Cells were then washed and recultured for an additional 3 days (Step 2) with R848 and IL-21. The percentage of cells that have undergone cell division ( f ), the total cell recovery ( g ), the ASC frequencies ( h ) and total ASCs recovered ( i ) from each day 6 culture are shown. ( j-k ) Early IFNgamma signals regu
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- Fig 4 p16 INK4a is a functional barrier to EBV driven proliferation of lymphoblastoid cells. (A) Blueprint of the primary transcript and the spliced mRNA with the three exons of CDKN2A on chromosome 9 encoding the p16 INK4a protein. The target site of the RNP complex within the 1st exon (exon1alpha) (chr9:21,974,678-21,974,827) is shown. (B) Study of the biological effect of the CDKN2A knockout in a time course experiment. WT and p16 KO cells were mixed such that the fraction of the latter was in the order of 10 to 20%, when the cells were infected with WT or DeltaEBNA3C EBV strains. The knockout status of the CDKN2A gene was studied by next generation sequencing to analyze the CD46 locus of the mixed cell populations over time. The fraction of cells with a disabled CDKN2A gene increased in cells infected with DeltaEBNA3C EBV exceeding 80% after eight weeks, whereas the knockout status of CDKN2A in the population of cells infected with WT EBV did not show a clear trend. Results from two biological replicates are shown, additional replicates can be found in S4A Fig . (C) Cell numbers of four different B cell populations were plotted as a function of days post nucleofection (x-axis) versus the format of the cell culture vessel (y-axis) starting with a single well in a 48-well cluster plate. 2x10 6 B cells with an intact CDKN2A locus (WT cells) or cells with an edited CDKN2A gene (p16 KO cells) were infected with wild-type (WT) EBV (left panel) or DeltaEBNA3C EBV (right panel).
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- Figure 7 Increased exhausted CD8 + T cells in convalescent patients. A. Expression of activation marker CD38 on CD8 + T cells (upper FACS panel). One exemplary dot plot is shown per study group. The bar diagram (lower panel) shows that CD38 expression was significantly higher on CD8 + T cells in convalescent COVID-19 + patients compared with HC. *P-value
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- A schematic overview of our experimental design to generate antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. CD34+ CB cells were expanded for 7 days and CD34+CD38-/low cells were isolated. After 7 days of CD34+ cell expansion, CD34+ cells were enriched using magnetic bead separation. The enriched cells were stained with anti-CD34 and anti-CD38 antibodies to isolate the CD34+CD38-/low HSC population. 81.0% of FSC versus SSC gated cells were CD34+CD38-/low. Gate was determined by the isotype staining control. Data are representative of at least six independent experiments. To induce Notch signaling and early T cell differentiation, CD34+CD38-/low cells were seeded onto DLL1-coated nontissue culture-treated plates. HLA-TCR signaling to direct antigen-specific differentiation was induced using CMVpp65 peptide or epitope-loaded HLA-A*0201 class I tetramers or GIL epitope-loaded HLA-A*0201 class I tetramers. Abbreviations: CM, conditioned medium; CMV, cytomegalovirus; FSC, Forward Scatter; GIL, Influenza M1 virus; HLA, Human leukocyte antigen; SSC, Side Scatter; TCR, T cell receptor.
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- 7 FIGURE B cells from aged donor mice do not have defects in participating in the GC 10 days after immunization in young recipient mice and fewer B cells from young donor mice are recovered when transferred into aged recipient mice. (a) Representative flow cytometric plots of CD38 - CD95 + GC B cells gated on donor cells from 10-week-old or 93-week-old donor mice in recipient spleens on day 10 post-transfer and immunisation. Numbers adjacent to gates indicate percentage of donor HEL + B220 + cells. Percentage and number of donor-derived GC B cells (Donor HEL + B220 + CD38 - CD95 + ) are plotted on the graphs on the right. (b) Representative flow cytometric plots of IgM + and IgG1 + donor HEL + B cells. Numbers adjacent to gates indicate percentage of donor HEL + B220 + cells. (c, d) Percentage and number of (c) IgM + and (d) IgG1 + B cells derived from donor cells from young or aged mice in recipient spleens 10 days post-transfer and immunisation. (e) Graph showing the percentage and number of IgG1 + GC B cells out of total Donor HEL + B220 + CD38 - CD95 + cells. (f) Schematic diagram of adoptive transfer of B cells from young SW HEL mice into young (8-12 weeks old) or aged (>90 weeks old) mice in which B cells response was analysed 6 days post-transfer and immunisation. (g) Percentage and number of donor HEL + B220 + cells in spleens of young or aged recipient mice 6 days post-transfer and immunisation. (h) Percentage and number of donor-derived GC B cells (Donor HEL + B220
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- Morphological and phenotypic features of tumor cells from newly established myeloma PDX. MM.1S cells and mononuclear cells isolated from BM and pleural effusion samples of MM patient were inoculated subcutaneously in NDG mice. When tumors reached 6-8 mm in diameter, tumors were removed and prepared for HE staining, IHC staining, and single-cell suspensions. (A) Representative image of myeloma MM.1S and PDX models. (B) The morphology of tumor cells from myeloma MM.1S and PDX models by Giemsa staining. Scale bar: 5 mum. (C) Representative IHC stainings of tumor tissues. Scale bar: 100 mum. (D) The single-cell suspensions were analyzed by flow cytometry. The doublet or aggregated events were gated out according to side scatter area (SSC-A) and side scatter width (SSC-W). 7-AAD staining was used to gate out dead cells. The expression levels of CD138, CD38, kappa, and lambda were analyzed in mouse CD45 - cells. Myeloma cell line MM.1S was used as a positive myeloma cell control. The left panels of flow charts were isotype controls. PDX, patient-derived xenograft; HE, hematoxylin-eosin; IHC, immunohistochemical.